Chemistry Compounds Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What occurs in the formation of ionic compounds?

Atoms are chemically bonded through covalent bonds.

Atoms exchange electrons. (correct)

Atoms gain, lose, or share electrons.

Atoms share electrons.

How does chlorine achieve an octet in its valence shell?

By gaining seven electrons.

By losing one electron.

By sharing two electrons.

By gaining one electron. (correct)

What charge does sodium acquire when it loses its one valence electron?

0 charge.

+7 charge.

+1 charge. (correct)

–1 charge.

What is the resulting chemical formula for the ionic compound formed between sodium and chlorine?

NaCl. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a nonmetal in the formation of ionic compounds?

It gains electrons and becomes an anion. Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether an element will gain or lose electrons when forming a compound?

The number of valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

In ionic bonding, which of the following is true regarding the elemental ions formed?

The positive ion is always written first in the formula. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sodium when it forms an ionic compound with chlorine?

It loses one electron to form Na+1. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the ionic compound formed from sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)?

sodium chloride Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly names the compound KNO2?

potassium nitrite Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound formed from iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) with the formula FeO?

iron(II) oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate name for the compound Mn3(PO4)4?

manganese(III) phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly identifies the naming convention for polyatomic anions?

They end in -ate or -ite depending on the number of oxygen atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What name is assigned to the ionic compound containing aluminum and sulfur with the formula Al2S3?

aluminum sulfide Signup and view all the answers

How is the compound V2S5 correctly named?

vanadium(III) sulfide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly matches the polyatomic ion with its formula?

nitrate - NO3–1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of the ammonium ion?

+1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct formula for the sulfate ion?

SO4–2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound formed from sodium and the sulfate ion?

Sodium sulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions has a -3 charge?

Phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge on the copper ion in Cu+2?

+2 Signup and view all the answers

Which formula represents a polyatomic ion?

MnO4–1 Signup and view all the answers

How is the name of an ionic compound structured?

Cation first, then anion Signup and view all the answers

What are the charges on the ions in the compound V2S5?

V+2 and S–2 Signup and view all the answers

What charge does magnesium acquire when it loses its two valence electrons?

+2 Signup and view all the answers

Which nonmetal needs to gain three electrons to complete its octet?

Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of electrons that must be lost by magnesium when forming an ionic compound with nitrogen?

6 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the number of electrons lost by metals in ionic bonding?

They usually lose two or three electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of magnesium ions to nitrogen ions required in the formation of the ionic compound?

3:2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the common charge that phosphorus tends to form when it gains electrons?

-3 Signup and view all the answers

Which electron configuration allows sulfur to preferably gain electrons?

2s2 2p4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a property of polyatomic ions?

They can contain multiple different types of atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is a Compound?

A compound is a substance formed by two or more elements chemically bonded together.
Elements combine by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
The number of valence electrons determines how many electrons are gained, lost, or shared.

The Two Main Types of Compounds

Ionic Compounds - Form when one element loses electrons and another gains electrons.
Molecular Compounds - Form when elements share electrons.

Main-Group Ions

For both types of compounds, elements achieve a core configuration of valence electrons, typically with 8 in the outermost s and p orbitals (an octet).

Rules for Forming Ions

Gaining Electrons: An element with 5, 6, or 7 valence electrons will gain 3, 2, or 1 electrons to achieve an octet, becoming a negative ion (anion).
Losing Electrons: An element with 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons will lose these electrons to achieve an octet, becoming a positive ion (cation).
Example:*
Chlorine (Cl): Has 7 valence electrons (3s2 3p5). It gains 1 electron to achieve an octet and become Cl-1: 3s2 3p6.
Sodium (Na): Has 1 valence electron (3s1). It loses 1 electron to achieve an octet and become Na+1: 2s2 2p6.

Ionic Compounds

Formed by the exchange of electrons between a metal (losing electrons) and a nonmetal (gaining electrons).
The total number of electrons lost by the metal must equal the total number of electrons gained by the nonmetal.
There is no single molecule (unit) of one ion and one ion in an ionic compound.
The ratio of ions is shown in the chemical formula, with the positive ion written first.
Example:*
In forming NaCl, sodium (Na) loses 1 electron and chlorine (Cl) gains 1 electron.

Using the Periodic Table to Determine Charges of Ions

Main-group metals and semimetals with 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons will become +1, +2, or +3 cations, respectively.
Nonmetals and semimetals with 5, 6, or 7 valence electrons will gain electrons to form -3, -2, and -1 anions, respectively.

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions consist of multiple atoms bonded together, acting as a single unit with a charge.
Most are negatively charged, but the ammonium ion (NH4+1) is a common exception.

Common Polyatomic Ions to Know

Hypochlorite (ClO-1)
Chlorite (ClO2-1)
Chlorate (ClO3-1)
Perchlorate (ClO4-1)
Nitrite (NO2-1)
Nitrate (NO3-1)
Sulfite (SO3-2)
Sulfate (SO4-2)
Carbonate (CO3-2)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-1)
Phosphate (PO4-3)
Phosphite (PO3-3)
Cyanide (CN-1)
Hydroxide (OH-1)
Permanganate (MnO4-1)
Chromate (CrO4-2)
Dichromate (Cr2O7-2)
Acetate (C2H3O2-1)

Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

The polyatomic ion is treated as a single unit when determining the formula of an ionic compound containing it.
Example:*
The formula for calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4-3) is Ca3(PO4)2

Transition Metal Ions

Transition metals can have different charges, making it important to determine their charges from the chemical formula instead of the periodic table.
Examples:*
Iron (Fe) can be +2 or +3 (Fe+2, Fe+3)
Copper (Cu) can be +1 or +2 (Cu+1, Cu+2)
Zinc (Zn) is always +2 (Zn+2)

Naming Ionic Compounds

The name of an ionic compound starts with the positive ion (cation) and then the negative ion (anion).

Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds

Cation: If the cation is a metal, it uses the element's name. If it's ammonium, use the polyatomic ion name.
Anion: If the anion is a single nonmetal, it ends in "-ide". If it's a polyatomic anion, use the name of the polyatomic ion.
Examples*
NaCl: Sodium chloride
Mg3N2: Magnesium nitride
Ca3(PO4)2: Calcium phosphate

Naming Ionic Compounds with Transition Metal Ions

Since transition metals can have multiple charges, Roman numerals are used to indicate the charge in the compound name.
Examples:*
FeO: Iron(II) oxide
Fe2O3: Iron(III) oxide

Transition Metal Ions with Consistent Charges

Some transition metals such as zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) always have the same charge (+2 for zinc and +1 for silver), so the Roman numeral is not used when naming their compounds.

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Description

Test your knowledge on compounds in chemistry, focusing on the formation and types of ionic and molecular compounds. Understand the role of valence electrons and the rules for forming ions. This quiz is essential for chemistry students looking to solidify their grasp on compound formation.