Chemistry Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What does a chemical formula denote?

  • The boiling point of a compound
  • The atomic number of each element
  • The melting point of a compound
  • The number of atoms of each element present in a compound (correct)

    • How many atoms of nitrogen are present in Lead Nitrate?

  • 1
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2 (correct)

    • What is the symbol for calcium?

  • Cn
  • C
  • Ca (correct)
  • Cl

    • What is the valency of sulphur in Iron (III) Sulphate?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symbols represents the phosphate radical?

    <p>PO43-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many atoms of oxygen are present in water?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a mixture of two elements?

    <p>Iron &amp; sulphur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valency of chlorine?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is represented by the symbol 'O'?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct chemical formula for aluminum phosphate?

    <p>Al2(PO4)3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mixtures is commonly found in daily life?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many atoms of oxygen are in Iron (III) Sulphate?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oxygen is present in air as mentioned in the content?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for zinc hydroxide?

    <p>Zn(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct formula for magnesium oxide?

    <p>MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these substances is a mixture of elements and a compound?

    <p>Charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these elements has a positive valency?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the correct formula for calcium nitrate.

    <p>Ca(NO3)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mixture?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the components of a mixture generally be separated?

    <p>By simple mechanical or physical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for potassium bromide?

    <p>KBr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the chemical formula for sodium carbonate.

    <p>Na2CO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a heterogeneous mixture from a homogeneous mixture?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixtures have different compositions and properties throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mixture can be classified as a solid-liquid mixture?

    <p>Chuck and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a solid-solid mixture?

    <p>Sugar dissolved in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example is an incorrect pairing of a mixture type?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixture: sugar dissolved in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mixture is formed when charcoal is added to water?

    <p>Solid-Liquid mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of compounds?

    <p>Compounds have a definite set of properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can components in a mixture be separated?

    <p>By physical methods only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples is a mixture?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an element as opposed to a compound?

    <p>An element is made up of one kind of atom only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about elements is correct?

    <p>Elements retain their own properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is a compound?

    <p>Iron sulphide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about compounds?

    <p>Compounds contain two or more kinds of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature that distinguishes a compound from an element?

    <p>A compound has a characteristic melting and boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about the properties of compounds?

    <p>The elements within compounds retain their original properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements combine to form the compound carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

    <p>Carbon and Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can elements in a compound be separated?

    <p>By chemical means only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a compound?

    <p>Water (H₂O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is NOT a characteristic of compounds?

    <p>They retain the properties of their constituent elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly compares an element and a compound?

    <p>An element contains only one kind of atom, while a compound contains two or more kinds of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used to separate a mixture by heating it so that a sublimable solid turns to vapour?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which technique does the lighter liquid stay in the separating funnel while the heavier liquid is removed from below?

    <p>Separating Funnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these substances is an example of a non-sublimable solid?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the method of distillation, what remains in the flask after heating?

    <p>Soluble impurities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collected in the receiver during fractional distillation?

    <p>Lower boiling point liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solid, when mixed with water, can be separated using evaporation?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which separation technique involves solid constituents being adsorbed on an absorbent?

    <p>Chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method would be most suitable for separating alcohol and water?

    <p>Fractional Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the separation of solid-solid mixtures by sublimation?

    <p>Difference in sublimable and non-sublimable nature of solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sublimable solids when they are heated?

    <p>They turn into vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance remains behind in the container during the sublimation process?

    <p>Non-sublimable solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium chloride (NaCl) can be separated from ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) using sublimation because:

    <p>Ammonium chloride is sublimable while sodium chloride is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a sublimable substance?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the sublimation process, where is the sublimable solid collected after condensing?

    <p>On the inner side of the funnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example given, what is the purpose of the cotton plug in the funnel during the sublimation process?

    <p>To prevent vapors from escaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs can be separated by sublimation?

    <p>Ammonium chloride and sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of converting a liquid into a vapour and back into a liquid?

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which impurity is left behind in the distillation flask when distilling impure water?

    <p>Solid impurities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to separate pure water from impure water?

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is an example of a soluble solid-liquid mixture separated by distillation?

    <p>Potassium chloride and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the distillation process, where is the vaporized liquid collected?

    <p>Receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is paired correctly with water in the technique of distillation?

    <p>Lead nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle behind the evaporation method for separating a soluble solid-liquid mixture?

    <p>Evaporation of the liquid component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which apparatus is commonly used for smoother steady heating in the evaporation method?

    <p>Sand bath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the liquid component in the evaporation method?

    <p>It is lost to the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a separation that can be achieved by evaporation?

    <p>Common salt (sodium chloride) and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs is similar to the example of salt and water separation by evaporation?

    <p>Potassium nitrate and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the porcelain crucible in the evaporation method?

    <p>To provide a container for heating the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes for the provided text:

    Compounds

    • A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements combined chemically in a fixed proportion.
    • Elements in a compound always retain their original properties.
    • Compounds can be broken down into elements by chemical means.
    • Examples of compounds include carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2).

    Characteristics of Compounds

    • Compounds are pure substances.
    • Compounds are always homogeneous, meaning they have a uniform composition.
    • Compounds have a definite set of properties.
    • Compounds have a characteristic melting and boiling point.

    Comparison of Elements and Compounds

    • Elements are made up of one kind of atom, whereas compounds are made up of two or more kinds of atoms.
    • Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means, whereas compounds can be broken down into elements by chemical means.
    • Properties of compounds differ from those of their elements.

    Formula of a Compound

    • A formula of a compound denotes the number of atoms of each element present in the compound.
    • The formula of a compound states the types of elements present in the compound and the number of elements present.
    • Examples of formulas include H2O (water), Pb(NO3)2 (lead nitrate), and Fe2(SO4)3 (iron(III) sulphate).

    Writing a Chemical Formula

    • To write a chemical formula, the symbols and valencies of the elements or radicals must be known.
    • Valency is the number of hydrogen atoms that can combine with or displace one atom of the element or radical.
    • The method of writing a chemical formula involves writing the symbols of the elements or radicals with their valencies, interchanging the valencies, and writing the interchanged numbers.

    Types of Mixtures

    • Mixtures are divided into two categories: homogeneous and heterogeneous.
    • Homogeneous mixtures have the same composition and properties throughout the mixture, and components are uniformly mixed.
    • Heterogeneous mixtures have different compositions and properties throughout the mixture, and components are not uniformly mixed.
    • Examples of homogeneous mixtures include salt dissolved in water and air, while examples of heterogeneous mixtures include sand and sugar, and kerosene and water.

    Separation of Mixtures

    • Techniques of separation of mixtures include sublimation, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.
    • Sublimation is the process of converting a solid directly into vapor and back to solid without passing through the liquid state.
    • Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid into a vapor by heating, and back into the liquid.
    • Distillation is the process of converting a liquid into a vapor by heating, and back into the liquid.
    • Chromatography is a technique of separating the solid constituents in a liquid constituent.

    Separation of Mixtures by Sublimation

    • Sublimation is used to separate a sublimable solid from a non-sublimable solid.
    • Sublimable solids turn directly into vapor on heating and back to pure solid on cooling the vapor.
    • Non-sublimable solids in the mixture remain behind.

    Separation of Mixtures by Evaporation

    • Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from its liquid component.
    • The liquid component evaporates, and the soluble solid remains behind.
    • Examples of separation by evaporation include separating salt from water and sugar from water.

    Separation of Mixtures by Distillation

    • Distillation is used to separate a liquid from a soluble solid or pure liquid from impure liquid.
    • The liquid component vaporizes, and the solid or solid impurities remain behind.
    • Examples of separation by distillation include separating pure water from impure water and lead nitrate from water.

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    Description

    Learn about the definition and characteristics of compounds, including their composition and properties. Understand how elements combine to form compounds and their chemical breakdown.

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