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Questions and Answers
How could you distinguish an element from a compound?
Compounds can be separated by chemical means into simpler substances while elements cannot.
Describe the relationship between the three items in the following groups and identify each as an element, compound, or mixture.
Hydrogen and oxygen are elements that make up the compound water; Nitrogen and oxygen are elements present in the mixture air; Sodium and chlorine are elements in the compound table salt.
As the temperature rises, which solid will melt before mercury boils?
All of them will melt before mercury boils.
Classify the following properties of the element silicon as chemical or physical properties.
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How are the items in each of the following pairs similar and different?
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If your heart beats an average rate of 72 times per minute, how many times will your heart beat in an hour, in a day?
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A student is planning a science fair project called 'Does Temperature Affect How High a Basketball Can Bounce?' What are the independent variable, dependent variable, and constants?
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What information do you need to figure out how long it would take to empty an oil tanker containing 4,000,000,000 barrels emptied at the rate of 5,000 gallons per minute?
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What is the physical state of each of these materials at room temperature: Gold, Neon, Oxygen, Gasoline, Olive oil, Mercury?
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What is the difference between homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures?
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Use the arrangement of particles in solids and gases to explain why solids are not as easy to compare as gases.
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Assume that water, mercury, and gallium are all at 40 degrees. As the temperature drops, which will be the last to freeze?
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Define a mixture.
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What is true about elements and formulas?
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What defines compounds?
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What describes the process of separation based on the size of particles?
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What describes the separation based on the boiling point of the substances?
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What describes the separation based on the solubility of the substances?
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How do you separate a compound?
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Study Notes
Compounds vs. Elements
- Compounds can be split into simpler substances, while elements cannot be separated by chemical means.
Relationship Among Substances
- Hydrogen and oxygen are elements forming the compound water; air is a mixture containing nitrogen and oxygen; table salt is a compound composed of sodium and chlorine; heating table sugar produces carbon and water.
Melting Points
- All substances mentioned will melt prior to mercury boiling.
Properties of Silicon
- Silicon exhibits physical properties like blue-gray color, brittleness, insolubility in water, and a melting point of 1410 degrees; it has a chemical property of reacting vigorously with fluorine.
Comparisons of Substances
- Copper and silver are solid elements differing in color, melting, and boiling points; distilled water (an element) and saltwater (a mixture) are both clear liquids, while table sugar (comprised of C, H, and O) and table salt (comprised of Na and Cl) are white solid compounds.
Heart Rate Calculation
- At an average heart rate of 72 beats per minute, the heart beats 4,320 times in one hour, totaling 103,680 beats a day.
Science Experiment Variables
- In the project "Does Temperature Affect How High a Basketball Can Bounce?": the independent variable is the bounce height, the dependent variable is temperature, and constants include the basketball and bouncing location.
Information Needed for Tanker Calculation
- To determine how long it takes to empty a 4 billion barrel tanker at 5,000 gallons per minute, the number of gallons in one barrel is required.
Physical States at Room Temperature
- Gold (solid), Neon (gas), Oxygen (gas), Gasoline (liquid), Olive oil (liquid), Mercury (liquid).
Mixtures Classification
- Heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition with multiple phases; homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition.
Particle Arrangement
- Solids have tightly packed particles, making them less compressible compared to gases, which have widely spaced particles.
Freezing Points of Metals
- Gallium will freeze first and mercury will freeze last as temperatures drop.
Mixture Definition
- A mixture consists of two or more substances physically combined in variable ratios.
Elements Definition
- Elements consist of one symbol, but they do not always contain just one atom.
Compounds Definition
- Compounds are formed by two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Separation Techniques
- Filtration separates substances based on particle size; Distillation separates based on boiling points; Chromatography separates based on solubility.
Separating Compounds
- Compounds are separated through chemical means.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between elements and compounds with this engaging quiz. Explore how compounds can be broken down chemically, and understand the components that make up various substances like water and table salt.
