10 Questions
What is the pH of bases?
Greater than 7
Give an example of a neutralization reaction.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete combustion forms CO2 and H2O; incomplete combustion forms CO and soot
Define qualitative physical properties.
Properties that can be observed and described without measurement
Give an example of a polyatomic ion.
NH4+
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is a pure substance composed of only one type of atom, while a compound is composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
Explain the difference between an atom and an ion.
An atom is the basic unit of a chemical element and consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons, while an ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a net electric charge.
Define the pH scale and its range.
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic, 14 being the most basic, and 7 being neutral.
What are acids and bases, and how do they differ?
Acids are substances that donate protons (H+) in aqueous solution, while bases are substances that accept protons.
Give an example of an element and a compound.
An example of an element is oxygen (O), and an example of a compound is water (H2O).
Study Notes
Acids and Bases
- The pH of bases is greater than 7, indicating a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-).
- Neutralization reaction: Acid (HCl) + Base (NaOH) → Salt (NaCl) + Water (H2O)
Combustion
- Complete combustion: A combustion reaction that produces only carbon dioxide and water as products, with no leftover fuel.
- Incomplete combustion: A combustion reaction that produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water as products, with leftover fuel.
Physical Properties
- Qualitative physical properties: Characteristics of a substance that can be observed and described, such as color, odor, and texture.
Ions
- Polyatomic ion: A group of atoms bonded together with a net electric charge, such as sulfate (SO42-).
Elements and Compounds
- Element: A substance that consists of only one type of atom, such as hydrogen (H) or carbon (C).
- Compound: A substance that consists of two or more different elements, such as water (H2O) or carbon dioxide (CO2).
- Example: Hydrogen (H) is an element, while water (H2O) is a compound.
Atoms and Ions
- Atom: A tiny particle that consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and is the building block of matter.
- Ion: An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electric charge.
pH Scale
- pH scale: A scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.
- pH range: Acidic (pH 0-7), Neutral (pH 7), and Basic (pH 7-14).
Acids and Bases
- Acids: Substances that donate a hydrogen ion (H+), increasing the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
- Bases: Substances that accept a hydrogen ion (H+), decreasing the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
Test your knowledge about elements and compounds with this quiz. Learn about the differences between pure substances and substances composed of multiple elements chemically combined.
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