Chemistry Class: Matter and Its Classification

Matter and its Classification

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Matter can be classified physically as solids, liquids, or gases.
• Solids have a definite shape and volume.
• Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
• Gases have no definite shape or volume.
• Matter can be chemically classified as metals and nonmetals.
• Metals are elements that can lose electrons.
• Nonmetals gain electrons.

Molecular Structure

• Molecules are small particles that exist independently.
• They can consist of the same type of atom (homoatomic) or different types (heteroatomic).
• Examples of molecules include: H2, O2, H2O, Fe2, CO2, SO2, and H2O.

Properties of Matter

• There are two types of properties: physical and chemical.
• Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance's identity (e.g., mass, density, boiling point, melting point).
• Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with others, leading to changes in composition or structure.

Physical Quantities

• Physical quantities are measurable properties like size or density.
• Derived quantities are calculated using other physical quantities.
• The international system (SI) and British systems are used for measurement.
• Key physical quantities include length, mass, time, and electric charge.

Applications of Chemistry

• Chemistry plays a crucial role in various industries, including communication, energy production, and manufacturing.
• Specific examples include:
  • TNT explosives
  • Nitroglycerine
  • Dynamite
  • Hydroxides