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Questions and Answers
Which reaction type involves one element replacing another in a compound?
Which reaction type involves one element replacing another in a compound?
In a double displacement reaction, the products can include a gas, water, or a precipitate.
In a double displacement reaction, the products can include a gas, water, or a precipitate.
True
What common term is used to describe the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction?
What common term is used to describe the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction?
oxidation
The general formula for a double displacement reaction is AB + CD → _____ + _____.
The general formula for a double displacement reaction is AB + CD → _____ + _____.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following best describes a precipitate?
Which of the following best describes a precipitate?
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All oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of protons.
All oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of protons.
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What is the main factor that determines which metal will replace another in a single displacement reaction?
What is the main factor that determines which metal will replace another in a single displacement reaction?
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What is the term used for the substances that react in a chemical reaction?
What is the term used for the substances that react in a chemical reaction?
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The mass of the products in a chemical reaction is always greater than the mass of the reactants.
The mass of the products in a chemical reaction is always greater than the mass of the reactants.
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Who established the principle of the conservation of mass in chemical reactions?
Who established the principle of the conservation of mass in chemical reactions?
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A _______ reaction occurs when two or more substances combine to form a new substance.
A _______ reaction occurs when two or more substances combine to form a new substance.
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Match the type of chemical reaction with its description:
Match the type of chemical reaction with its description:
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Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?
Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?
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The gas produced by heating mercury(II) oxide was identified as nitrogen.
The gas produced by heating mercury(II) oxide was identified as nitrogen.
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What is produced as energy during combustion reactions?
What is produced as energy during combustion reactions?
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Study Notes
Classifying Chemical Reactions
- Chemical reactions involve the transformation of one or more substances into new substances.
- Reactants are the substances that undergo change in the reaction.
- Products are the new substances formed in the reaction.
- Examples: A + B → AB; AB + C → AC + B; AB + CD → AD + CB
Lavoisier and the Conservation of Mass
- A chemical reaction is a change where one or more substances are converted into new substances.
- The total mass of the products always equals the total mass of the reactants in a reaction.
- For example, the total mass of reactants (candles and oxygen) before a candle burns is equal to the mass of the remaining candle and gaseous products.
- This principle, known as the law of conservation of mass, was established by Antoine Lavoisier.
Lavoisier's Experiments
- Lavoisier experimentally studied how substances transform their form.
- He performed experiments involving mercury and its conversion.
- During these experiments, Lavoisier noticed that the mass of the red powder (mercury(II) oxide) converted into a silvery liquid and gas remained the same after heating and cooling, confirming the conservation of mass.
- Lavoisier also discovered that the gas produced by heating the mercury(II) oxide (which is oxygen) forms a component of air.
Writing Chemical Equations
- Chemical equations illustrate reactions using chemical formulas and symbols.
- Scientists represent chemical reaction using a shorthand method.
- An example showing reactants, yield, and products.
- 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) → C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)
Types of Reactions
- Synthesis reaction: Two or more substances combine to form a new substance. (A + B → AB)
- Decomposition reaction: A substance breaks down into two or more substances. (AB → A + B)
- Combustion reaction: A substance reacts with oxygen and produces heat and light (often with another substance present).
- Single displacement reaction: One element replaces another element in a compound. (A + BC → AC + B)
- Double displacement reaction: The positive ions of two compounds swap places. (AB + CD → AD + CB)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions involve the transfer of electrons.
- Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
- Reduction is the gain of electrons.
- Oxygen is often involved in redox reactions, pulling electrons from metallic elements.
- Examples of redox reactions occur during the rusting of metal or corrosion.
- In many oxidation-reduction reactions, such as in the case of the reaction of cupric oxide in the presence of hydrogen, there is removal of oxygen or the addition of oxygen.
- The substance that loses electrons is oxidized and the substance that gains electrons is reduced. Oxidation and reduction occur at the same time as partners, commonly referred to as redox, a reaction.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of chemical reactions and the conservation of mass with this quiz. Learn about reactants, products, and Lavoisier's significant experiments. Master the concepts that govern the transformation of substances in chemical processes.
