Chemistry Chapter: Periodic Table and Electrons
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Questions and Answers

What is the basis for the classification of elements in the periodic table?

  • Atomic structure of elements (correct)
  • Molecular weight of compounds
  • Chemical reactivity of elements
  • Position of elements in nature

Which subshell can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons?

  • f subshell
  • s subshell (correct)
  • d subshell
  • p subshell

How many orbitals does the p subshell contain?

  • 5
  • 2
  • 3 (correct)
  • 1

What determines the position of an element in the periodic table when its atomic number is known?

<p>Electronic configuration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the orbitals in the subshells?

<p>The s subshell has one orbital with a spherical shape. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the orbitals in the d subshell?

<p>Complex and multi-lobed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to modern atomic theory, how do electrons behave around the nucleus?

<p>They revolve in a three-dimensional region. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classification of elements in the periodic table helps to predict what about these elements?

<p>Their chemical reactivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment is expressed towards the country in the Pledge?

<p>Respect for parents and elders is essential. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not describe the core values mentioned in the Pledge?

<p>Disregard for the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary call to action in the National Anthem?

<p>To celebrate India's geographical diversity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should scientific activity be approached according to the content?

<p>It must uphold eco-friendly values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the phrase 'Bharatha-bhagya-vidhata' in the National Anthem?

<p>It symbolizes unity among all states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the ideals expressed in the Pledge?

<p>Disregard for family values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core principle noted for scientific activities in the text?

<p>Encouraging eco-friendly practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotion is primarily evoked through the National Anthem?

<p>Pride and unity among diverse cultures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic configuration of sodium?

<p>2, 8, 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subshells are present in the M shell?

<p>s, p, and d (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the M shell?

<p>18 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic configuration of argon?

<p>2, 8, 8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does potassium place its last electron in the 4th shell instead of the 3rd shell?

<p>The 4th shell has a higher energy level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many subshells does the L shell have?

<p>2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Bohr model is true?

<p>It is a simple explanation of atomic structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The capacity of the third shell to accommodate electrons is how many?

<p>18 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blocks of the periodic table do the elements in groups 1 and 2 belong to?

<p>s block (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the period number of an element be determined?

<p>By its subshell electronic configuration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of elements in the p block?

<p>They belong to groups 13 to 18 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the group number of s block elements?

<p>It corresponds to the number of electrons in the outermost shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is part of the d block?

<p>Group 10 (A), Group 12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the outermost shell in an element’s subshell electronic configuration?

<p>Element's group number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are f block elements located in the periodic table?

<p>At the bottom of the table in two separate rows (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the group number of an element determined when looking at its subshell electronic configuration?

<p>By identifying the last subshell filled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typical for d block elements in relation to their electronic configuration?

<p>The last electron fills the penultimate shell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups in the periodic table contain transition elements?

<p>Groups 3 to 12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which orbital do the last electrons for elements in the 4th period primarily fill?

<p>4s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common property of transition elements in terms of their oxidation states?

<p>They exhibit multiple oxidation states. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the electronic configuration of transition elements reflect their chemical properties?

<p>They show similarity in properties across periods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation state of iron (Fe) in ferrous chloride (FeClâ‚‚)?

<p>+2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the outermost electronic configuration of the d block elements in succeeding periods?

<p>They will have a uniform configuration in all periods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best explains the similarity in properties of elements in the same group of the periodic table?

<p>Elements in a group have the same number of outermost electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stable electronic configuration of chromium (Cr)?

<p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following configurations represents stable electronic configuration for copper (Cu)?

<p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many maximum electrons can the d subshell accommodate?

<p>10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which subshell is the last electron added for chromium (Cr)?

<p>3d (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of electrons present in a neutral atom of chromium?

<p>26 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the d subshell contributes to the stability of certain electronic configurations?

<p>A completely filled or half-filled d subshell is more stable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electronic configuration represents an unstable arrangement for d orbitals?

<p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of chromium (Cr)?

<p>24 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Scientific Activity and Environment

Scientific activities should not only lead to social progress but also prioritize environmentally friendly practices.

Eco-Friendly Values in Science

Eco-friendly values should be integrated into all aspects of scientific research and practice.

Deeper Level Environmental Consideration

The importance of environmental consideration should be explored at a deeper level during all scientific research and activities.

Eco-Friendly Scientific Activities

When pursuing scientific endeavors, a conscious effort should be made to ensure that the activities are eco-friendly in nature and do not cause harm to the environment.

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Goal of Eco-Friendly Science

The goal is to foster environmentally conscious scientific practices that promote both progress and sustainability.

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Basis of Periodic Table Classification

The classification of elements in the periodic table is based on their atomic structure, specifically the number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the atomic number of an element.

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Atomic Subshells

Subshells are energy levels within a main energy level of an atom. They are named s, p, d, and f, and each subshell can hold a specific number of electrons.

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s Subshell

The s subshell has only one orbital, which is spherical in shape. It can hold a maximum of two electrons.

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p Subshell

The p subshell has three orbitals, each shaped like a dumbbell. It can hold a maximum of six electrons.

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d Subshell

The d subshell has five orbitals and can accommodate a maximum of ten electrons.

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f Subshell

The f subshell has seven orbitals and can hold a maximum of fourteen electrons.

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Atomic Orbital

An orbital is a three-dimensional region around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron. Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons.

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Atomic Number and Periodic Table

The atomic number of an element determines its position and characteristics in the periodic table, based on the number of protons in its nucleus.

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Electronic configuration

The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels and sublevels within an atom.

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Valence shell

The outermost electron shell of an atom, containing the electrons that participate in chemical bonding.

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Shells and Period Number

The number of energy levels or shells in an atom is equal to the period number of the element in the periodic table.

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Subshell Types and Number

Subshells are named based on their shapes and energies: s, p, d, and f. Each shell has a number of subshells equal to its shell number.

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Maximum Electrons in a Shell

The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a specific shell is calculated using the formula 2n², where n is the shell number.

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Limitations of the Bohr Model

The Bohr model, a simple explanation of atomic structure, was later found to have limitations due to new discoveries about the nature and positions of electrons.

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Post Bohr Model

Because of the complex nature of electron behavior, the Bohr model was replaced by models that incorporate sublevels and the concept of quantum numbers, providing a more accurate depiction of atomic structure.

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What is the period number?

The number of the outermost shell in an element's subshell electronic configuration.

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How do you determine the group number of s-block elements?

The number of electrons in the outermost shell.

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Which groups belong to which blocks?

Groups 1 and 2 are in the s-block. Groups 3 to 12 are in the d-block. Groups 13 to 18 are in the p-block.

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Where are the f-block elements placed?

They are placed at the bottom of the periodic table in two separate rows because they are filling the 4f and 5f orbitals.

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Why is the subshell electronic configuration important?

It helps in understanding the arrangement of elements based on their electron configuration.

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How is the period number determined from the subshell electronic configuration?

The number of the shell in the subshell electronic configuration.

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What does the subshell electronic configuration tell you?

It tells you how many electrons are in the outermost shell, which is crucial for understanding an element's chemical behavior.

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Why is the group number important?

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

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What are transition elements and where are they found?

Transition elements are found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table. Their last electron is filled in the penultimate shell, meaning the shell before the outermost shell.

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What's the special thing about the outermost shell in transition elements?

In transition elements, even though the last electron enters a d subshell, the outermost shell still has electrons. This is different from normal elements where the outermost shell has all the valence electrons.

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Do transition elements have similar properties within a group or a period?

The subshell electronic configurations of transition elements are similar within a group and within a period. This means they have similar chemical properties.

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What is oxidation state?

The oxidation state of an element is the number of electrons gained or lost when it forms a chemical bond. Transition metals can have different oxidation states depending on the compound they are in.

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What are the oxidation states of Fe in ferrous chloride (FeCl2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3)?

Ferrous chloride (FeCl2) has Fe in +2 oxidation state, while ferric chloride (FeCl3) has Fe in +3 oxidation state.

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Half Filled d Subshell Stability

The electronic configuration of an atom, such as Cr, where the d subshell is half filled, is considered more stable than a configuration with a partially filled d subshell.

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Completely Filled d Subshell Stability

The electronic configuration of an atom, such as Cu, where the d subshell is completely filled, is considered more stable than a configuration with a partially filled d subshell.

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Electron Configuration Changes for Stability

The subshell electronic configuration of an atom with a half-filled d subshell can cause changes in the filling of electrons to achieve stability. For example, Chromium's d subshell is half filled (d^5) instead of d^4 s^2.

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Electron Configuration Changes for Stability (2)

The subshell electronic configuration of an atom with a completely filled d subshell can cause changes in the filling of electrons to achieve stability. For example, Copper's d subshell is completely filled (d^10) instead of d^9 s^2.

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d Subshell Capacity

The maximum number of electrons that a d subshell can hold is 10.

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f Subshell Capacity

The maximum number of electrons that an f subshell can hold is 14.

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Determining the Number of Shells

The number of shells present in the atom is equal to the highest principal quantum number (n) in the electronic configuration.

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Identifying Subshells

The electronic configuration of an atom gives us information about the subshells present in each shell. For example, 2s^2 indicates that the second shell has an s subshell.

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Study Notes

Chemistry Standard X, Part 1

  • This document is a chemistry textbook, part 1, for standard 10 students in Kerala, India, published in 2019.
  • It includes topics like the periodic table, gas laws, mole concept, reactivity series, electrochemistry, and metal production.
  • It incorporates the National Anthem and the Pledge of India.
  • There is an emphasis on practical activities and interactive learning.
  • The textbook uses symbols for additional information, ICT clarity possibilities, and assessment exercises.

The National Anthem

  • The text contains the full lyrics of the Indian National Anthem.

Fundamental Duties of Citizens

  • Article 51A of the Indian Constitution outlines the fundamental duties of citizens.
  • These duties cover aspects like abiding by the constitution, respecting national symbols, and upholding national unity.
  • Other duties relate to promoting harmony, preserving heritage, protecting the environment, and striving for excellence

Contents Outline

  • The textbook is structured into sections (Periodic table and electronic configuration, Gas laws and mole concept, Reactivity series and electrochemistry, Production of metals).
  • Page numbers are referenced for each section, this lists page 7 (periodic table), page 32 (gas laws), page 47 (reactivity series), page 62 (metal production)

Symbols Used in the Textbook

  • Additional information (not for assessment)
  • ICT possibilities for concept clarity
  • Let us assess
  • Extended activities

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Chemistry Standard X Part 1 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the classification of elements in the periodic table and the behavior of electrons according to modern atomic theory. This quiz also touches upon the significance of the National Anthem and the Pledge, merging chemistry with a touch of national sentiment.

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