Chemistry Chapter: Periodic Table and Atomic Structure
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the arrangement and behavior of particles in a solid?

  • Particles slide past each other with moderate attraction.
  • Particles vibrate in fixed positions with strong attraction. (correct)
  • Particles are randomly moving in any direction.
  • Particles move freely and are far apart.

    • Which of the following represents the classification of matter that possesses a definite volume but lacks a definite shape?

  • Liquid (correct)
  • Solid
  • Gas
  • Plasma

    • What happens to the kinetic energy of particles in a substance as the temperature decreases?

  • Kinetic energy increases
  • Kinetic energy decreases (correct)
  • Kinetic energy remains the same
  • Kinetic energy fluctuates randomly

    • Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom?

    <p>Proton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the process of deposition, which phase transition occurs?

    <p>Gas to solid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of elements within the same group on the periodic table?

    <p>They exhibit similar chemical properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are elements arranged within a period on the modern periodic table?

    <p>By increasing atomic number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rutherford's model, where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?

    <p>In the positively charged nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What charge will an atom have if it gains two electrons?

    <p>-2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes what generally happens to atomic size as you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table?

    <p>Atomic size generally decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Periodic Table

    An arrangement of elements by atomic number and properties.

    Groups in the Periodic Table

    Vertical columns of elements with similar chemical properties.

    Reactivity Trend

    Reactivity generally decreases from left to right across a period.

    Plum Pudding Model

    Thomson's atomic model with electrons in a positive sphere.

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    Ion Formation

    An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in charge.

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    Matter

    Anything that has mass and volume.

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    Solid

    State of matter with strong particle attraction, fixed shape, and volume.

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    Gas

    State of matter with particles far apart and random movement.

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    Atomic number

    Number of protons in an atom, determines its identity.

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    Freezing

    Process of changing a liquid to solid by decreasing temperature.

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    Study Notes

    Periodic Table Organization

    • Elements are arranged in the periodic table based on increasing atomic number.
    • As you move from left to right, the atomic size generally decreases.
    • As you move from left to right, the reactivity generally decreases.
    • Elements in the same group have similar properties.
    • Metals are located on the left side of the table; they are good conductors of electricity.
    • Group 1 is called Alkali Metals.
    • The periodic table is organized vertically by groups and horizontally by periods.

    Atomic Structure

    • The periodic table is organized based on atomic structure and properties.
    • Atoms are composed of smaller particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negatively charged.
    • The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.
    • Electrons orbit the nucleus.
    • The number of protons defines the element.

    Plum Pudding Model

    • Proposed by J.J. Thomson.
    • Atoms are a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded in it, like plums in a pudding.

    Rutherford's Model

    • Proposed by Ernest Rutherford.
    • Atoms are mostly empty space.
    • Almost all of the mass is concentrated in the positively charged nucleus.
    • Electrons orbit the nucleus.

    Isotopes and Atomic Number/Weight

    • Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons.
    • These are called isotopes.
    • The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
    • The atomic weight is the average mass of all the isotopes of an element.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the periodic table and atomic structure with this quiz. Explore how elements are organized based on atomic number and their properties. Dive into the basics of atomic particles and historical models like the Plum Pudding Model.

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