Questions and Answers
Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a nickel-58 atom and in a nickel-60 +2 cation.
Nickel-58: 28 protons, 28 electrons, 30 neutrons; Nickel-60: 28 protons, 26 electrons, 32 neutrons.
Which subatomic particle is the most important for determining the charge of an atom?
Electrons
Which subatomic particle is the most important for determining the atomic number of an atom?
Protons
Which subatomic particle is the most important for determining the isotope of an atom?
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Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in O-18 and F-18.
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What is the atomic weight of element Q given its isotopes?
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What is atomic mass?
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What is atomic weight?
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What is the energy of a valence electron in a lithium atom jumping from n=2 to n=4?
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If an electron emits 3 eV of energy, what is the corresponding wavelength of emitted light?
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Calculate the energy of a photon of wavelength 662 nm.
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Which will fill first, the 5d subshell or the 6s subshell?
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What is the electron configuration of osmium?
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What is the electron configuration of Fe3+?
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What are the valence electrons of vanadium, selenium, and sulfate ion?
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What element is n=2 and l=1?
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What element is n=3 and l=0?
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What element is n=5 and l=3?
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What element is n=4 and l=2?
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Compare an orbital diagram for a neutral oxygen (O) atom and an O2- ion.
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Based on their orbital configurations, are gadolinium and manganese paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
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Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for Zn2+?
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Which of the following quantum number sets is possible?
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What is the maximum number of electrons allowed in a single atomic energy level in terms of the principal quantum number n?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Nickel-58: 28 protons, 28 electrons, 30 neutrons.
- Nickel-60 +2 cation: 28 protons, 26 electrons, 32 neutrons.
- Electrons determine the charge of an atom.
- Protons determine the atomic number.
- Neutrons determine the isotope of an atom.
Isotopes in Nuclear Medicine
- O-18: 8 protons, 8 electrons, 10 neutrons.
- F-18: 9 protons, 9 electrons, 9 neutrons.
Atomic Weight Calculation
- Isotope A: 40 amu (60%).
- Isotope B: 44 amu (25%).
- Isotope C: 41 amu (15%).
- Average atomic weight of element Q: 41.15.
Atomic Properties
- Atomic mass: sum of masses of protons and neutrons.
- Atomic weight: weighted average of isotopes in nature.
Energy Transitions
- Energy transition for lithium atom (n=2 to n=4): -4.09x10^-19 J, -2.55 eV.
- Wavelength for electron emitting 3 eV: 414 nm.
- Energy of a photon (λ = 662 nm): 3.00E-19 J.
Electron Configuration
- 6s subshell fills before 5d.
- Osmium configuration: [Xe]6s²4f¹⁴5d⁶.
- Fe³⁺ configuration: [Ar]3d⁵.
- Valence electrons:
- Vanadium: 5
- Selenium: 6
- Sulfur in sulfate: 12.
Quantum Numbers and Orbital Diagrams
- Element with n=2 and l=1: 2p (B, C, N, O, F, Ne).
- Element with n=3 and l=0: 3s (Na, Mg).
- Element with n=5 and l=3: 5f (Actinide series).
- Element with n=4 and l=2: 4d (Y, Zn, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd).
Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Agents
- MRA contrast agents (gadolinium or manganese) are paramagnetic due to unfilled valence shells.
Electron Configuration Verification
- Correct configuration for Zn²⁺: A. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s⁰3d¹⁰.
Possible Quantum Numbers
- Possible quantum number set: B. n=2, l=1, ml=-1, ms=+1/2.
Maximum Electrons in Energy Level
- Maximum number of electrons in energy level n: C. 2n².
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Description
Test your knowledge on atomic structure and the periodic table with these flashcards. Learn how to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in various isotopes of nickel, and understand the significance of subatomic particles in atomic charge. Perfect for students studying chemistry.
