Questions and Answers
The ways in which electrons are arranged around the nuclei of atoms are called __________.
Electron Configuration
The _______________ describes the sequence in which orbitals are filled.
Aufbau Principle
The various orbitals within a sublevel of a principal energy level are always of ________ energy.
Equal
The _________ principle states that a minimum of only 2 electrons can occupy each orbital.
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To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have _____________ spins.
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Hund's rule states that electrons pair up only after each orbital in a sublevel is occupied by ____________.
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When using the shorthand method for showing the electron configuration of an atom, superscripts are used to indicate the number of ___________ occupying each sublevel.
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Correct electron configurations can be obtained by using the Aufbau diagram for the elements up and including vanadium.__________ and copper are exceptions to the Aufbau principle.
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The orbitals of a principal energy level are lower in energy than the orbitals in the next higher principal energy level.
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The configuration 3d⁴4s² is more stable than the configuration 3d⁵4s¹.
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As many as four electrons can occupy the same orbital.
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The Pauli exclusion principle states that an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons.
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The electron configuration for potassium is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.
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The electron configuration for copper is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁹.
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What is Hund's rule?
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What does the Pauli exclusion principle state?
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What is the electron configuration for neon?
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What does the Aufbau Principle state?
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What is electron configuration?
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Study Notes
Electron Configuration
- Refers to the arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei.
- Indicates the most stable setup of electrons within an atom.
Aufbau Principle
- Describes the order in which orbitals are filled with electrons.
- Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals before moving to higher ones.
Energy of Orbitals
- Orbitals within a sublevel of a principal energy level have equal energy.
- In general, orbitals of a lower principal energy level possess less energy than higher levels.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
- States each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
- Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.
Hund's Rule
- Asserts that electrons occupy separate orbitals of equal energy before pairing up.
- Single electrons will occupy each orbital with parallel spins initially.
Electron Configuration Notation
- Superscripts are used to indicate the number of electrons in each sublevel in shorthand electron configurations.
Exceptions to Aufbau Principle
- Chromium and copper are noted exceptions; they deviate from the expected order resulting in increased stability.
Stable Configurations
- The configuration 3d⁵4s¹ is considered more stable than 3d⁴4s², a fact in contrast to one that suggests the opposite.
- The electron arrangement for potassium is represented as 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.
Misconceptions
- It is false that four electrons can occupy the same orbital.
- The electron configuration for copper is incorrectly stated as 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁹.
Notable Electron Configurations
- Neon has the electron configuration of 1s²2s²2p⁶.
- Proper understanding of electron arrangements is crucial for explaining the behavior of elements.
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Description
Test your knowledge on electron configurations and related principles in this engaging quiz. Topics include the Aufbau Principle and the energy levels of orbitals. Perfect for students of chemistry looking to reinforce their understanding of atomic structure.
