Chemistry Chapter on Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the compound with the formula CrBr3?

  • Chromium Bromide
  • Chromium Tribromide
  • Chromium (III) Bromide (correct)
  • Chromium (I) Bromide

    • What is the formula for phosphorus pentachloride?

  • PCl3
  • P5Cl
  • PCl5 (correct)
  • P2Cl5

    • Which of the following characterizes a molecular compound?

  • Good conductor of electricity
  • High melting point
  • Forms a lattice structure
  • Weak bonds between atoms (correct)

    • What is the name of the negatively charged ion formed when an element gains electrons?

    <p>Anion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound?

    <p>NaCl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ion formed when Bromine gains an electron?

    <p>Bromide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound formed by the reaction of gold and sulfur?

    <p>Gold (III) Sulfide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the properties of a metal?

    <p>Shiny, malleable, ductile, conductive, and sometimes magnetism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'isotope' refer to?

    <p>Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of both ionic and molecular compounds?

    <p>They are composed of two or more different elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the compound formed by the reaction of potassium and chlorine?

    <p>KCl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many atoms are in one mole of any substance?

    <p>6.022 x 10^23 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number of an element?

    <p>The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is a metaloid?

    <p>Silicon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the formation of a covalent bond?

    <p>Electrons are shared between two atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of combustion analysis?

    <p>To determine the empirical formula of a compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is generally associated with ionic compounds?

    <p>Strong bonds between atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?

    <p>Subtract the atomic number from the mass number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'atomic mass' as it relates to the periodic table?

    <p>The average mass of all the isotopes of an element (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color on the periodic table represents a solid element?

    <p>Black (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of chemical formulas?

    <p>Empirical formula and molecular formula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variable charge of gold?

    <p>Au+ (A), Au3+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is a polyatomic ion?

    <p>SO42- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the ion acetate?

    <p>CH3COO- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molarity of a solution that contains 0.25 moles of solute dissolved in 500 mL of solution?

    <p>0.5 M (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a solution?

    <p>Can be separated by filtration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the element is #+, does it gain or lose electrons and what increases?

    <p>Lose electrons, increases oxidation state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ion Cr2O72-?

    <p>Dichromate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct formula for the ion ammonium?

    <p>NH4+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the phosphate ion?

    <p>3- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the compound formed by the combination of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) and phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻)?

    <p>Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the polyatomic ion with the formula SO₄²⁻?

    <p>Sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds contains the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)?

    <p>KNO₃ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the phosphate ion?

    <p>PO₄³⁻ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds contains the ammonium ion?

    <p>(NH₄)₂SO₄ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the polyatomic ion present in the compound Al₂(SO₄)₃.

    <p>Sulfate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a polyatomic ion?

    <p>Always contains at least one metal atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds contains the carbonate ion?

    <p>NaHCO₃ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nitrate ions are present in the formula Cu(NO₃)₂?

    <p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following polyatomic ions has a charge of 2-?

    <p>Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Nucleus

    Core of the atom that contains protons and neutrons.

    Electrons

    Negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus.

    Mass Number

    Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

    Isotopes

    Atoms with the same protons but different neutrons.

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    Chemical Formulas Types

    There are two types: empirical and molecular formulas.

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    Periodic Table Groups

    Vertical columns on the periodic table indicating similar properties.

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    Metal Properties

    Metals are shiny, malleable, ductile, and conductive.

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    Combustion Analysis

    A method to determine elemental composition for finding empirical formulas.

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    Sulfide

    An anion composed of sulfur with charge S2-

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    Nitride

    An anion composed of nitrogen with charge N3-

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    Cation

    A positively charged ion, represented as + charge.

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    Anion

    A negatively charged ion, represented as - charge.

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    Roman numerals in naming

    Indicate variable charges of cations in compound names.

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    Molecular compounds

    Made from nonmetals bonded together.

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    Avogadro's number

    6.022 x 10^23, representing the number of particles in one mole.

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    Formula mass

    The sum of average atomic masses of all atoms in a formula.

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    Metalloids

    Elements that conduct heat and electricity, with properties of both metals and nonmetals.

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    Ions

    Atoms that lose or gain electrons to achieve stability.

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    Covalent bond

    A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

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    Ionic bond

    A bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

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    Molecular compound properties

    Compounds that share electrons, have weak bonds, low melting and boiling points, and can be insulators.

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    Ionic compounds properties

    Compounds that have high melting and boiling points, dissolve easily in water, and form a lattice structure.

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    Variable charge of Co

    Cobalt can have multiple oxidation states, commonly Co2+.

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    Variable charge of Ni

    Nickel typically has an oxidation state of Ni2+.

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    Variable charge of Cu

    Copper can have oxidation states of Cu+ or Cu2+.

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    Variable charge of Zn

    Zinc generally has a stable oxidation state of Zn2+.

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    Variable charge of Ag

    Silver typically has a +1 oxidation state as Ag+.

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    Variable charge of Au

    Gold can exist as Au+ or Au3+, showing variable oxidation.

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    Molarity Formula

    Molarity is calculated as moles of solute per liter of solution.

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    Solution

    A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

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    Permanganate ion charge

    The charge of the permanganate ion is 1-.

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    Magnesium phosphate formula

    The formula for magnesium phosphate is Mg₃(PO₄)₂.

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    Polyatomic ion in KNO3

    The polyatomic ion in KNO3 is the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻).

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    Nitrate ion

    The nitrate ion has the formula NO₃⁻ and carries a -1 charge.

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    Common polyatomic ions

    Common polyatomic ions include nitrate, sulfate, and carbonate.

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    Polyatomic Ions

    Charged molecules made of two or more covalently bonded atoms.

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    Sulfate Ion

    Polyatomic ion with the formula SO₄²⁻, composed of one sulfur and four oxygen atoms.

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    Phosphate Ion

    Polyatomic ion with the formula PO₄³⁻, containing one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms.

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    Hydroxide Ion

    A polyatomic ion with the formula OH⁻, made of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom.

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    Carbonate Ion

    Polyatomic ion with a formula CO₃²⁻, composed of one carbon and three oxygen atoms.

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    Ammonium Ion

    A positively charged polyatomic ion represented as NH₄⁺.

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    Identifying Polyatomic Ions

    Recognizing polyatomic ions involves knowing their formulas and charges.

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    Study Notes

    Atomic Structure and Properties

    • Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
    • The nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, is dense and positively charged
    • Electrons orbit the nucleus and are negatively charged
    • Protons and neutrons are heavy subatomic particles
    • Electrons are light subatomic particles

    Atomic Number and Mass Number

    • Atomic number defines an element and equals the number of protons.
    • Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
    • Calculate neutrons: Mass number - Atomic number = number of neutrons

    The Periodic Table

    • Elements are organized by their properties.
    • Arrangement: Red, blue, black, and clear colors are used to categorize elements as liquids, gases, solids, or synthetic, respectively on the periodic table.
    • Periods: Horizontal rows on the periodic table
    • Groups: Vertical columns on the periodic table
    • Metal properties: Shiny, malleable, ductile, conductive, sometimes magnetic
    • Nonmetal properties: Dull, brittle, poor conductors
    • Metalloid properties: Properties of both metals and nonmetals

    Isotopes

    • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different neutron numbers, meaning different mass numbers.
    • Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

    Chemical Formulas

    • Two types of chemical formulas exist: empirical and molecular formulas.

    Atomic Mass

    • The average mass of an element's atoms, considering the relative abundance of its isotopes

    Combustion Analysis

    • Determining the elemental composition of a substance by combustion to find the empirical formula

    Ions

    • Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge.
    • Cations are positively charged ions
    • Anions are negatively charged ions

    Types of Bonds

    • Covalent bonds: atoms share electrons
    • Ionic bonds: atoms transfer electrons

    Molecular Compounds & Properties

    • Formed from two or more nonmetals
    • Properties: weak bonds (low melting and boiling points), poor heat and electrical conductivity, and typically exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.

    Ionic Compounds & Properties

    • Formed from a metal and a nonmetal
    • Properties: high melting and boiling points, hard and brittle, conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water, and generally occur as solids at room temperature.

    Chemical Nomenclature

    • Rules for naming chemical compounds, including compounds with variable charges (indicated using Roman numerals)

    Atomic Elements

    • Elements existing as single atoms

    Molecular Elements

    • Elements existing as two or more atoms bonded together (molecules)

    Monoatomic Anions

    • Anions composed of one atom

    Periodic Table Elements

    • Specific elements listed by name and formula including: Fluorine (F-), Chloride (Cl-), Bromide (Br-), Iodine (I-), Oxide (O2-), Sulfide (S2-), Nitride (N3-), Phosphide (P3-).

    Identifying and Calculating Molarity, Solutions, Solvents & Solutes.

    • Molarity: amount of solute per liter of solution
    • Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
    • Solvent: the substance in which the solute dissolves.
    • Solute: the substance that dissolves in the solvent

    Formula for Dilution Problems

    • M1V1=M2V2

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts related to atomic structure, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It also delves into the organization of the periodic table, highlighting the properties of various elements and their classifications. Test your understanding of these foundational chemistry topics.

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