Chemistry Chapter Hydrogen and Water Properties
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Questions and Answers

What type of spins do protons exhibit in ortho hydrogen?

  • Opposite spins
  • Parallel spins (correct)
  • Random spins
  • Antiparallel spins

    • Which form of hydrogen is more stable?

  • Para hydrogen (correct)
  • Ortho hydrogen
  • Both forms are equally stable
  • Neither form

    • At what temperature does para hydrogen primarily exist?

  • Above room temperature
  • At high temperatures
  • At room temperature
  • At low temperatures (below room temperature) (correct)

    • What is the approximate ratio of ortho to para hydrogen at room temperature?

    <p>1:3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is para hydrogen formed?

    <p>When protons rotate in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets hydrogen apart in terms of its position in the periodic table?

    <p>Hydrogen has properties resembling both alkali metals and halogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal can react with dilute acids to liberate hydrogen gas?

    <p>Fe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using impure zinc in the preparation of hydrogen from acids?

    <p>Impure zinc reacts quicker than pure zinc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metals can react with boiling sodium hydroxide to evolve hydrogen?

    <p>Pb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide?

    <p>Na₂ZnO₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes water a universal solvent?

    <p>It can dissolve a wide range of substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle of H₂O in its gas phase?

    <p>104.5°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds can each water molecule form in ice?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float on water?

    <p>Ice has a lower density than liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure does ice form at very low temperatures?

    <p>Cubic form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes temporary hardness in water?

    <p>Presence of magnesium and calcium hydrogencarbonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amphoteric nature of water?

    <p>Water can act both as an acid and a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the self-ionization of water?

    <p>Water donates H⁺ to another water molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can effectively remove temporary hardness?

    <p>Boiling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant element in the universe?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What products are formed when water reacts with sodium?

    <p>NaOH and H₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of permanent hardness in water?

    <p>It is due to sulphates or chlorides of calcium and magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does water act when it reacts with fluorine?

    <p>As an oxidizing agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotope of hydrogen is the most abundant on Earth?

    <p>Protium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is a common water softener that can remove both temporary and permanent hardness?

    <p>Washing soda (Na₂CO₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which form is hydrogen primarily found on Earth?

    <p>Molecular hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when phosphorus pentoxide reacts with water?

    <p>H₃PO₄</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does boiling water remove temporary hardness?

    <p>By precipitating magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the reactivity of hydrogen isotopes?

    <p>H-H is more reactive compared to H-D.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of water in hydrate formation?

    <p>BaCl₂∙2H₂O and CuSO₄∙5H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Calgon used for in water treatment?

    <p>To form complex salts with calcium and magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the isotopes of hydrogen?

    <p>Tritium is the least abundant isotope of hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction occurs when washing soda is used on CaCl₂?

    <p>CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → CaCO₃↓ + 2NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding does interstitial water refer to?

    <p>Covalent bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT effective in removing permanent hardness?

    <p>Boiling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the redox reaction involving water is false?

    <p>Water serves solely as a reactant in redox reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metals can react with cold water to produce hydrogen?

    <p>Lithium and Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of electrolysis of acidified water?

    <p>Hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process increases hydrogen production from carbon monoxide and steam?

    <p>Water-Gas Shift Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to obtain high purity hydrogen from warm aqueous barium hydroxide solution?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen called?

    <p>Synthesis gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to methane when reacted with steam at high temperatures in the presence of a catalyst?

    <p>It yields hydrogen gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Bosch process, which element is primarily reacted with steam to produce hydrogen?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does the water gas reaction primarily occur to maximize hydrogen production?

    <p>673K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the permutit process?

    <p>To convert hard water into soft water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is primarily used to regenerate the cation exchange resin?

    <p>Hydrogen (H⁺)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of resin is used to remove anions from hard water?

    <p>Anion exchange resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the permutit as it is used in the water softening process?

    <p>It is converted to calcium zeolite (CaZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the resulting water from the anion exchange resin process not suitable for drinking initially?

    <p>It is too acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for sodium zeolite?

    <p>Na₂Al₂Si₂O₈·xH₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to regenerate the anion exchange resin after use?

    <p>Dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the permutit process, which ions are replaced in hard water?

    <p>Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ by Na⁺</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gas is dihydrogen?

    <p>Colorless, odorless, and tasteless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which halogen requires a catalyst for reaction with dihydrogen?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dihydrogen produce when it reacts with dioxygen?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Haber process, what product is formed from the reaction of dihydrogen and dinitrogen?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common use of dihydrogen in the industrial sector?

    <p>Preparation of vanaspati ghee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dihydrogen behave in the presence of metals?

    <p>Forms metal hydrides at high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction occurs when dihydrogen reduces metal ions?

    <p>Forms corresponding metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of dihydrogen?

    <p>Production of synthetic rubber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ionic hydrides specifically formed from?

    <p>s-block elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the stability of ionic hydrides as you move down the group?

    <p>Stability decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a metallic hydride?

    <p>ZrHₓ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes covalent hydrides from other types of hydrides?

    <p>They are non-conductors of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrides contains elements that do not have a complete octet?

    <p>Electron Deficient Hydrides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the composition of metallic hydrides?

    <p>They are non-stoichiometric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group primarily forms electron rich hydrides?

    <p>Group 15, 16, and 17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of hydride does hydrogen occupy interstitial sites?

    <p>Metallic Hydrides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Position of Hydrogen in P. Table

    • Hydrogen's position in the periodic table is not fixed
    • Because some of its properties resemble with halogens and some properties resemble with alkali metals

    Method of Preparation

    • From acids:
      • Metals placed above hydrogen in the electrochemical series react with dilute acids to liberate hydrogen gas
      • Examples: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂; Cu + H₂SO₄ → (no reaction); Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂
    • From alkalis:
      • Only beryllium, aluminium, zinc, tin, lead, and silicon (amphiprotic metals) react with both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide to release hydrogen gas
      • Examples: Zn + 2NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂; 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H₂O → 2NaAlO₂ + 3H₂

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    Test your knowledge on the properties of hydrogen and water in this quiz. Explore topics such as the stability of ortho and para hydrogen, the characteristics of water, and the reactions of various metals with acids and bases. Perfect for students studying chemistry concepts related to hydrogen and water.

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