Chemistry Chapter: Chemical Bonds

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What are valence electrons?

Electrons located in the innermost energy level

Electrons in the nucleus of an atom

Electrons that are involved in chemical bonding (correct)

Electrons that do not participate in bonding

Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Covalent bond (correct)

Ionic bond

Hydrogen bond

Metallic bond

What is a characteristic of ionic compounds?

They consist entirely of nonmetals

They have high melting points and are crystalline (correct)

They are always liquid at room temperature

They are formed by the sharing of electrons

How is a double bond formed?

Atoms share two pairs of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a polar covalent bond from a nonpolar covalent bond?

Polar bonds have unequal sharing of electrons while nonpolar have equal sharing Signup and view all the answers

How do valence electrons influence the reactivity of elements?

They determine the bonding and reactivity of atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of ionic bonds?

They result from the attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Signup and view all the answers

When writing chemical formulas for ions, which order is correct?

Positive ions are written first, followed by negative ions. Signup and view all the answers

What holds covalent bonds together?

The attraction of each atom's nucleus for shared electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What describes how metal atoms are bonded together?

Through a sea of freely moving valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an ion?

An atom that has lost or gained electrons, resulting in a charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is formed when metals lose electrons?

Cation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason an atom would seek to lose or gain electrons?

To have a full outermost electron shell for stability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about anions is true?

Anions are formed by gaining electrons and are negatively charged. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the charge of cations?

Positive, due to losing electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What does a subscript in a chemical formula indicate?

The number of atoms of that element Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a chemical formula is used to represent the number of molecules?

Coefficient Signup and view all the answers

How are elements represented in a chemical formula?

By symbols with upper and lower case letters Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of parentheses in a chemical formula?

To group elements that repeat Signup and view all the answers

In the chemical formula $H_2O$, how many hydrogen atoms are present?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typical of ionic bonds?

Crystalline structure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ionic compounds when they are melted or dissolved in water?

They conduct electric current. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes metallic bonds?

They exhibit malleability and ductility. Signup and view all the answers

How do covalent bonds generally differ from ionic bonds?

Covalent compounds typically have lower melting and boiling points. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a property of covalent compounds?

Can be solid, liquid, or gas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical formula for the compound formed by combining Sodium (Na) and Chromium (Cr)?

NaCr Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical formula for the compound formed from Magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P)?

Mg₃P₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical formula for the compound formed by combining Potassium (K) and Sulfate (SO₄)?

K₂SO₄ Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical formula for the compound formed from Aluminum (Al) and iodine (I)?

Al₂I₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical formula for the compound formed by combining Copper (Cu) and Nitrate (NO₃)?

Cu(NO₃)₂ Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is classified as covalent?

CO₂ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds contains a polyatomic ion?

NaOH Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is present in FeCl₃?

Ionic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is a covalent bond?

CH₄ Signup and view all the answers

Identify the classification of Na₂CO₃.

Both Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of chlorine when constructed using Lewis Dot Diagrams?

$Cl_2$ Signup and view all the answers

How many bonds does nitrogen typically form in order to satisfy the octet rule?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential to include when drawing a Lewis Dot Diagram for a molecule?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What arrangement does hydrogen exhibit in a Lewis Dot Diagram?

1 Signup and view all the answers

In the process of constructing molecular formulas, which step follows drawing the Lewis Dot Diagrams?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a covalent bond?

It involves the sharing of electron pairs between nonmetallic atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lewis Dot Diagram primarily used to represent?

Only the valence electrons of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Octet Rule, how many valence electrons do most atoms strive to achieve?

8 valence electrons, similar to noble gases. Signup and view all the answers

How many bonds does nitrogen normally form in covalent compounds?

3 bonds Signup and view all the answers

What are lone pairs in a Lewis Dot Structure?

Electrons not engaged in bonding. Signup and view all the answers

In the molecule carbon dioxide (CO2), how many total bonding pairs are involved?

4 pairs in total, 2 involving carbon. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bonding pairs in covalent bonding?

They complete the octet of the participating atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What behavior does hydrogen exhibit in relation to bonding?

It behaves like a group 17 element, forming 1 bond. Signup and view all the answers