Chemistry Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a monatomic ion?

A compound composed of molecules

A compound that produces hydrogen ions

A single atom with a positive or negative charge (correct)

A tightly bound group of atoms

Which of the following describes a polyatomic ion?

A compound of two elements

A compound that produces hydroxide ions

A group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has a charge (correct)

A single atom with a charge

What is an anion?

Any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge

What is a cation?

Any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge Signup and view all the answers

What defines an ionic compound?

A compound composed of positive and negative ions Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular compound?

A compound that is composed of molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is a binary compound?

A compound composed of two elements Signup and view all the answers

Define an acid in terms of its properties in solution.

A compound that produces hydrogen ions in solution Signup and view all the answers

What is a base?

A compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of definite proportions state?

In samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same portion Signup and view all the answers

State the law of multiple proportions.

Whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?

KOH Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for potassium chloride?

KCl Signup and view all the answers

Provide the chemical formula for sodium chloride.

NaCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?

Ca(OH)₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

HCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

H₂SO₄ Signup and view all the answers

Provide the chemical formula for nitric acid.

HNO₃ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Compounds and Ions

Monatomic ion: A single atom carrying a charge due to the loss or gain of valence electrons.
Polyatomic ion: A group of atoms tightly bonded together, exhibiting a collective charge.
Anion: Any negatively charged atom or group of atoms.
Cation: Any positively charged atom or group of atoms.

Types of Compounds

Ionic compound: Composed of both positive and negative ions, typically formed from metals and nonmetals.
Molecular compound: Composed of molecules, usually formed from nonmetals.
Binary compound: Contains only two different elements.

Acids and Bases

Acid: Produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in solution.
Base: Produces hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution.

Laws of Chemical Composition

Law of definite proportions: In any chemical compound, elements are always present in fixed mass proportions by weight.
Law of multiple proportions: For two elements forming multiple compounds, the mass ratios of one element combine with a fixed mass of the other in small whole number ratios.

Common Chemical Formulas

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH): A strong base.
Potassium Chloride (KCl): A common salt.
Potassium Oxide (K₂O): An oxide of potassium.
Potassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄): A sulfate salt.
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): A strong base, also known as lye.
Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂): An ionic compound used for melting ice.
Water (H₂O): Essential for life and the universal solvent.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): A strong acid, used industrially and in digestion.
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): A strong acid, widely used in battery manufacturing.

Additional Acids

Ammonia (NH₃): A basic compound, used in fertilizers.
Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄): Used in food flavoring and fertilizers.
Nitric Acid (HNO₃): Used in explosives and fertilizers.
Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH): Known as vinegar, used in food preservation.
Oxalic Acid (H₂C₂O₄): Used as a cleaning agent and in industrial processes.

Iron and Magnesium Compounds

Iron (II) Hydroxide (Fe(OH)₂): A basic compound, can be used in water treatment.
Iron (II) Sulfate (FeSO₄): Used in fertilizers and water treatment.
Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂): A weak base, often used in antacids.
Magnesium Oxide (MgO): Commonly used as a refractory material.

Aluminum Compounds

Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH)₃): Used as an antacid and in water purification.
Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃): Used in abrasives and as a refractory material.

Acids with Unique Properties

Hydrosulfuric Acid (H₂S): Known as hydrogen sulfide, it has a characteristic foul smell.
Hydrofluoric Acid (HF): A weak but dangerous acid used in glass etching.
Perchloric Acid (HClO₄): A strong acid used in rocket propellant manufacturing.

Various Forms of Acids

Different names and formulas for acetic acid include C₂H₄O₂ and HC₂H₃O₂.
Other acids such as nitrous acid (HNO₂) and sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃) have varied industrial applications and uses in organic synthesis.

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Test your knowledge of chemical names and formulas with these flashcards. Explore key concepts like monatomic ions, polyatomic ions, anions, and cations. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of chemical nomenclature.