Chemical Nomenclature Lab Flashcards

Chemical Formula

• Represents combinations of element symbols, numbers, and punctuation indicating element amounts in chemical compounds (e.g., H2).

Ion

• An electrically charged atom or molecule resulting from an imbalance in the number of electrons and protons (e.g., Na+, Cl-).

Polyatomic Ion

• A molecule made of multiple elements that carries a positive or negative charge (e.g., SO4 -2).

Cation

• An ion with more protons than electrons, typically positively charged (e.g., Na+).

Anion

• An ion with more electrons than protons, resulting in a negative charge (e.g., Cl-).

Oxidation State

• Indicates the number of electrons removed to form a cation, also referred to as charge or oxidation number.

Binary Compounds

• Compounds consisting of only two elements, which can be ionic or covalent (e.g., NaCl, H2O, PCl3).

Type I Binary Compounds

• Ionic compounds with metals that exhibit only one oxidation state, named using the format metal nonmetal root + ide (e.g., Ca2+).

Type II Binary Compounds

• Ionic compounds with metals that can have multiple oxidation states; named with (oxidation #) nonmetal root + ide (e.g., transition metals).

Binary Covalent Compounds

• Compounds formed between two nonmetals, named using prefixes for quantity and nonmetal root + ide.

Numerical Prefixes for Nomenclature

• Deca: 10
• Mono: 1
• Di: 2
• Tri: 3
• Tetra: 4
• Penta: 5
• Hexa: 6
• Hepta: 7
• Octa: 8
• Nona: 9

Electronegativity

• Non-electronegative elements (e.g., metals) readily give away electrons.
• Very electronegative elements (e.g., nonmetals) tend to acquire electrons.

Important Polyatomic Ions

• Ammonium: NH4 (+1 ion)
• Acetate: C2H3O2 (-1 ion)
• Carbonate: CO3 (-2 ion)
• Hydrogen Carbonate: HCO3 (-1 ion)
• Chromate: CrO4 (-2 ion)
• Cyanide: CN (-1 ion)
• Hypochlorite: ClO (-1 ion)
• Chlorite: ClO2 (-1 ion)
• Chlorate: ClO3 (-1 ion)
• Perchlorate: ClO4 (-1 ion)
• Dihydrogen Phosphate: H2PO4 (-1 ion)
• Hydroxide: OH (-1 ion)
• Nitrate: NO2 (-1 ion)
• Phosphite: PO3 (-3 ion)
• Phosphate: PO4 (-3 ion)
• Sulfite: SO3 (-2 ion)
• Sulfate: SO4 (-2 ion)