Questions and Answers
What is a chemical formula?
What is an ion?
An electrically charged atom or molecule.
Define a polyatomic ion.
A molecule composed of more than one element with a positive or negative charge.
What is a cation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an anion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is oxidation state?
Signup and view all the answers
What are binary compounds?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe type I binary compounds.
Signup and view all the answers
What are type II binary compounds?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'deca' signify in chemistry?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'mono' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the meaning of 'di'?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'tri' represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the meaning of 'tetra'?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'penta' indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'hexa' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'hepta' signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'octa' mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'nona' indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by non-electronegative elements?
Signup and view all the answers
What are very electronegative elements?
Signup and view all the answers
What is ammonium's chemical formula?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for acetate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the chemical formula for carbonate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does hydrogen carbonate refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for chromate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the chemical structure of cyanide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for hypochlorite?
Signup and view all the answers
What is chlorite's chemical structure?
Signup and view all the answers
What does chlorate refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the chemical formula for perchlorate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for dihydrogen phosphate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the structure of hydroxide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is nitrate's chemical formula?
Signup and view all the answers
What is phosphite's structure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the chemical formula for phosphate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for sulfite?
Signup and view all the answers
What is sulfate's chemical structure?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Chemical Formula
- Represents combinations of element symbols, numbers, and punctuation indicating element amounts in chemical compounds (e.g., H2).
Ion
- An electrically charged atom or molecule resulting from an imbalance in the number of electrons and protons (e.g., Na+, Cl-).
Polyatomic Ion
- A molecule made of multiple elements that carries a positive or negative charge (e.g., SO4 -2).
Cation
- An ion with more protons than electrons, typically positively charged (e.g., Na+).
Anion
- An ion with more electrons than protons, resulting in a negative charge (e.g., Cl-).
Oxidation State
- Indicates the number of electrons removed to form a cation, also referred to as charge or oxidation number.
Binary Compounds
- Compounds consisting of only two elements, which can be ionic or covalent (e.g., NaCl, H2O, PCl3).
Type I Binary Compounds
- Ionic compounds with metals that exhibit only one oxidation state, named using the format metal nonmetal root + ide (e.g., Ca2+).
Type II Binary Compounds
- Ionic compounds with metals that can have multiple oxidation states; named with (oxidation #) nonmetal root + ide (e.g., transition metals).
Binary Covalent Compounds
- Compounds formed between two nonmetals, named using prefixes for quantity and nonmetal root + ide.
Numerical Prefixes for Nomenclature
- Deca: 10
- Mono: 1
- Di: 2
- Tri: 3
- Tetra: 4
- Penta: 5
- Hexa: 6
- Hepta: 7
- Octa: 8
- Nona: 9
Electronegativity
- Non-electronegative elements (e.g., metals) readily give away electrons.
- Very electronegative elements (e.g., nonmetals) tend to acquire electrons.
Important Polyatomic Ions
- Ammonium: NH4 (+1 ion)
- Acetate: C2H3O2 (-1 ion)
- Carbonate: CO3 (-2 ion)
- Hydrogen Carbonate: HCO3 (-1 ion)
- Chromate: CrO4 (-2 ion)
- Cyanide: CN (-1 ion)
- Hypochlorite: ClO (-1 ion)
- Chlorite: ClO2 (-1 ion)
- Chlorate: ClO3 (-1 ion)
- Perchlorate: ClO4 (-1 ion)
- Dihydrogen Phosphate: H2PO4 (-1 ion)
- Hydroxide: OH (-1 ion)
- Nitrate: NO2 (-1 ion)
- Phosphite: PO3 (-3 ion)
- Phosphate: PO4 (-3 ion)
- Sulfite: SO3 (-2 ion)
- Sulfate: SO4 (-2 ion)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of chemical nomenclature with these flashcards. Each card features key terms and definitions relevant to understanding chemical formulas and ions. Perfect for students in chemistry lab courses or anyone looking to brush up on their chemistry skills.