Chemical Nomenclature Lab Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a chemical formula?

An electronegative molecule.

Written combinations of elements and numbers. (correct)

A compound composed of only two elements.

A type of ion.

What is an ion?

An electrically charged atom or molecule.

Define a polyatomic ion.

A molecule composed of more than one element with a positive or negative charge.

What is a cation?

An ion with more protons than electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is an anion?

An ion with more electrons than protons. Signup and view all the answers

What is oxidation state?

The number of electrons removed to produce a cation. Signup and view all the answers

What are binary compounds?

Ionic and covalent compounds composed of two elements. Signup and view all the answers

Describe type I binary compounds.

Ionic binary compounds containing metals that commonly exhibit only one oxidation state. Signup and view all the answers

What are type II binary compounds?

Ionic binary compounds containing metals that exhibit more than one oxidation state. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'deca' signify in chemistry?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'mono' mean?

1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'di'?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tri' represent?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'tetra'?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'penta' indicate?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hexa' mean?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hepta' signify?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'octa' mean?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nona' indicate?

9 Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by non-electronegative elements?

Elements that give away electrons, typically metals. Signup and view all the answers

What are very electronegative elements?

Elements that take electrons, usually nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What is ammonium's chemical formula?

NH4 (+1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for acetate?

C2H3O2 (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for carbonate?

CO3 (-2 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What does hydrogen carbonate refer to?

HCO3 (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for chromate?

CrO4 (-2 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical structure of cyanide?

CN (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for hypochlorite?

ClO (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is chlorite's chemical structure?

ClO2 (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What does chlorate refer to?

ClO3 (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for perchlorate?

ClO4 (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for dihydrogen phosphate?

H2PO4 (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of hydroxide?

OH (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is nitrate's chemical formula?

NO2 (-1 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is phosphite's structure?

PO3 (-3 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for phosphate?

PO4 (-3 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for sulfite?

SO3 (-2 ion) Signup and view all the answers

What is sulfate's chemical structure?

SO4 (-2 ion) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Formula

Represents combinations of element symbols, numbers, and punctuation indicating element amounts in chemical compounds (e.g., H2).

Ion

An electrically charged atom or molecule resulting from an imbalance in the number of electrons and protons (e.g., Na+, Cl-).

Polyatomic Ion

A molecule made of multiple elements that carries a positive or negative charge (e.g., SO4 -2).

Cation

An ion with more protons than electrons, typically positively charged (e.g., Na+).

Anion

An ion with more electrons than protons, resulting in a negative charge (e.g., Cl-).

Oxidation State

Indicates the number of electrons removed to form a cation, also referred to as charge or oxidation number.

Binary Compounds

Compounds consisting of only two elements, which can be ionic or covalent (e.g., NaCl, H2O, PCl3).

Type I Binary Compounds

Ionic compounds with metals that exhibit only one oxidation state, named using the format metal nonmetal root + ide (e.g., Ca2+).

Type II Binary Compounds

Ionic compounds with metals that can have multiple oxidation states; named with (oxidation #) nonmetal root + ide (e.g., transition metals).

Binary Covalent Compounds

Compounds formed between two nonmetals, named using prefixes for quantity and nonmetal root + ide.

Numerical Prefixes for Nomenclature

Deca: 10
Mono: 1
Di: 2
Tri: 3
Tetra: 4
Penta: 5
Hexa: 6
Hepta: 7
Octa: 8
Nona: 9

Electronegativity

Non-electronegative elements (e.g., metals) readily give away electrons.
Very electronegative elements (e.g., nonmetals) tend to acquire electrons.

Important Polyatomic Ions

Ammonium: NH4 (+1 ion)
Acetate: C2H3O2 (-1 ion)
Carbonate: CO3 (-2 ion)
Hydrogen Carbonate: HCO3 (-1 ion)
Chromate: CrO4 (-2 ion)
Cyanide: CN (-1 ion)
Hypochlorite: ClO (-1 ion)
Chlorite: ClO2 (-1 ion)
Chlorate: ClO3 (-1 ion)
Perchlorate: ClO4 (-1 ion)
Dihydrogen Phosphate: H2PO4 (-1 ion)
Hydroxide: OH (-1 ion)
Nitrate: NO2 (-1 ion)
Phosphite: PO3 (-3 ion)
Phosphate: PO4 (-3 ion)
Sulfite: SO3 (-2 ion)
Sulfate: SO4 (-2 ion)

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Test your knowledge of chemical nomenclature with these flashcards. Each card features key terms and definitions relevant to understanding chemical formulas and ions. Perfect for students in chemistry lab courses or anyone looking to brush up on their chemistry skills.