Chemistry Chapter 8 Review Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a word equation?

An equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words.

What is a formula equation?

An equation in which the reactants and products of the chemical reaction are represented by symbols.

What does a chemical equation represent?

Represents, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

What is a coefficient in a chemical equation?

A small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a reversible reaction?

A chemical reaction in which the products reform the original reactants. Signup and view all the answers

What is electrolysis?

Decomposition of a substance by an electric current. Signup and view all the answers

What is a precipitate?

A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for a double-replacement reaction?

AX + BY→AY + BX Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in a double-replacement reaction?

Ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for a single-replacement reaction?

A + BX→AX + B Signup and view all the answers

Single-replacement is also known as ________.

replacement reaction Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in a single-replacement reaction?

One element replaces a similar element in a compound. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for a synthesis reaction?

A + X → AX Signup and view all the answers

Synthesis reaction is also known as _______.

composition Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a synthesis reaction?

Two or more substances combine to form a new substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is an activity series?

A list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Give four examples that describe the indications that a chemical reaction has occurred.

Heat released, color change, precipitate, production of gas or bubbles. Signup and view all the answers

Balance the equation C₂H₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O.

C₂H₄ + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 2H₂O Signup and view all the answers

Combustion happens when you add ______.

oxygen (O₂) Signup and view all the answers

Balance the equation CaCl₂ + KOH → KCl + Ca(OH)₂.

CaCl₂ + 2KOH → 2KCl + Ca(OH)₂ Signup and view all the answers

In a single-replacement reaction always remember to ______ when completing the replacement.

replace similar charge Signup and view all the answers

For the single-replacement reaction use the ______ chart.

activity series Signup and view all the answers

In the activity series chart the most active are located at the ______ of the chart.

top (can replace anything below it) Signup and view all the answers

Name and balance the chemical reaction: Mg + N₂ → Mg₃N₂.

Synthesis, 3Mg + N₂ → Mg₃N₂ Signup and view all the answers

Name and balance the chemical reaction: Co(NO₃)₂ + H₂S → CoS + HNO₃.

Double-replacement, Co(NO₃)₂ + H₂S → CoS + 2HNO₃ Signup and view all the answers

Name and balance the chemical reaction: C₄H₁₀ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O.

Combustion, 2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ → 8CO₂ + 10H₂O Signup and view all the answers

Name and balance the chemical reaction: Cl₂ + NaI → NaCl + I₂.

Single-replacement, Cl₂ + 2NaI → 2NaCl + I₂ Signup and view all the answers

Name and balance the chemical reaction: NaClO₃ → NaCl + O₂.

Decomposition, 2NaClO₃ → 2NaCl + 3O₂ Signup and view all the answers

Using your activity series, balance the equation: I₂ + KF →

No reaction Signup and view all the answers

Using your activity series, balance the equation: Mg + ZnCl₂ →

Mg + ZnCl₂ → Zn + MgCl₂ Signup and view all the answers

Using your activity series, balance the equation: Al + H₂O (l) →

No reaction Signup and view all the answers

Using your activity series, balance the equation: Al + H₂O (s) →

2Al + 3H₂O (s) → Al₂O₃ + 3H₂ Signup and view all the answers

What has iron been replaced by in the following reaction? 2Al(s) + 3Fe(NO₃)₂ (aq) → 3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO₃)₃ (aq)

Aluminum Signup and view all the answers

Of the following chemical equations, the only reaction that is both synthesis and combustion is: C(s) + CO₂.

C(s) + O₂ → CO₂ Signup and view all the answers

Of the following chemical equations, the only reaction that is both combustion and decomposition is: 2H₂O₂(l) → 2H₂O(l) + O₂.

2C₄H₁₀(l) + 13O₂ → 8CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(l) Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following chemical reaction: Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 3H₂SO₄ → 2H₃PO₄ + 3CaSO₄.

Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 3H₂SO₄ → 2H₃PO₄ + 3CaSO₄ Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following chemical reaction: Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂.

Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂ Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following chemical reaction: 2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂.

2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂ Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following equations: 2H₂ + O₂ → H₂O.

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following equations: S₈ + O₂ → SO₃.

S₈ + 12O₂ → 8SO₃ Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following equations: C₇H₆O₂ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O.

2C₇H₆O₂ + 2O₂ → 14CO₂ + 6H₂O Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following equations: C₂H₂ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O.

2C₂H₂ + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 2H₂O Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Equations and Reactions

Word Equation: Represents reactants and products using words.
Formula Equation: Uses chemical symbols for reactants and products.
Chemical Equation: Displays reactants and products with symbols and molecular amounts, indicating their identities.
Coefficient: A small whole number before a formula, indicating the amount of a reactant or product.

Types of Reactions

Reversible Reaction: Products can reform into original reactants.
Electrolysis: Decomposition caused by an electric current.
Precipitate: A solid formed in a solution during a chemical reaction.

Reaction Types Definitions

Double-Replacement Reaction: Ions in two compounds exchange places, forming two new compounds (AX + BY → AY + BX).
Single-Replacement Reaction: An element replaces a similar element in a compound (A + BX → AX + B).
Synthesis Reaction: Two or more substances combine to form a new compound (A + X → AX).
Combustion Reaction: A substance combines with oxygen, producing heat and light (e.g., 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O).

Indicators of Chemical Reactions

Heat release
Color change
Formation of a precipitate
Production of gas or bubbles

Balancing Chemical Equations

C₂H₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O balanced to C₂H₄ + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 2H₂O.
Balancing must preserve the number of atoms on both sides.

Activity Series

A list ranking elements based on their reactivity, with more active elements at the top.
Used to predict reactions in single-replacement reactions.

Examples of Balanced Reactions

Synthesis: 3Mg + N₂ → Mg₃N₂.
Double-Replacement: Co(NO₃)₂ + H₂S → CoS + 2HNO₃.
Decomposition: 2NaClO₃ → 2NaCl + 3O₂.
Combustion: 2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ → 8CO₂ + 10H₂O.

Specialized Reactions

Single-Replacement Reaction: Chlorine replaces iodine in 2NaI to form 2NaCl.
Combustion and Decomposition: Combustion of hydrocarbons like in 2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ → 8CO₂ + 10H₂O demonstrates both processes.

Notable Chemical Transformations

Sulfuric Acid in Phosphoric Acid Production: Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 3H₂SO₄ → 2H₃PO₄ + 3CaSO₄.
Calcium Metal Reaction with Water: Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂.
Zinc Oxide Production: 2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂.

Balancing Additional Equations

H₂ + O₂ → H₂O balanced to 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.
S₈ + O₂ → SO₃ balanced to S₈ + 12O₂ → 8SO₃.
C₂H₂ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O balanced to 2C₂H₂ + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 2H₂O.

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Enhance your understanding of Chapter 8 in Chemistry with these flashcards. Each card presents key concepts such as word equations, formula equations, and chemical equations essential for mastering chemical reactions. Perfect for students looking to solidify their knowledge before exams.