Chemistry Chapter 7 Vocabulary
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Questions and Answers

What are reactants?

Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction.

What are products in a chemical reaction?

Substances formed as a result of a chemical change.

What is a chemical equation?

A representation of a chemical reaction in which the reactants and products are expressed as formulas.

Mass is created in a chemical reaction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the Law of Conservation of Mass be shown?

<p>By balancing a chemical equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are coefficients in a chemical equation?

<p>The numbers that appear before the formulas used to balance equations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mole?

<p>An amount of substance that contains approximately $6.022 imes 10^{23}$ particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is molar mass?

<p>The mass of one mole of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the mass of reactants and products be calculated?

<p>By using a balanced chemical equation and the molar masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some general types of chemical reactions?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a synthesis reaction?

<p>A reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a decomposition reaction?

<p>A reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a single-replacement reaction?

<p>One element takes the place of another element in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a double-replacement reaction?

<p>Two different compounds exchange positive ions and form two new compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a combustion reaction?

<p>A substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, producing heat and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

<p>A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does OIL RIG stand for?

<p>Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is oxidation in terms of synthesis reactions?

<p>A reaction that generally occurs when a metal combines with oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reduction in a synthesis reaction?

<p>When an element's atoms gain electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chemical energy?

<p>The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do chemical reactions relate to bonds?

<p>They involve the breaking of chemical bonds in the reactants and the formation of chemical bonds in the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy in a chemical reaction?

<p>Energy is either released or absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exothermic reaction?

<p>A chemical reaction that releases energy and warms its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an endothermic reaction?

<p>It absorbs energy from its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total amount of energy before and after an endothermic reaction is different.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction rate?

<p>The rate at which reactants change into products over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect reaction rates?

<p>Temperature, surface area, concentration, stirring, and catalysts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature affect reaction rate?

<p>Increasing the temperature causes particles to move faster and collide more often.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does surface area affect reaction rate?

<p>Smaller particle size increases surface area, leading to more collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stirring affect reaction rate?

<p>Stirring increases the exposure of reactants to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of concentration on reaction rate?

<p>Higher concentration means more reacting particles are present, increasing the reaction rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a catalyst?

<p>A substance that affects the reaction rate without being used up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

<p>A state in which the forward and reverse paths of change occur at the same rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is physical equilibrium?

<p>Established when a physical change does not go to completion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chemical equilibrium?

<p>Established when a chemical reaction does not go to completion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are reversible reactions?

<p>Reactions where the conversion of reactants and products can happen simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions Key Terms

  • Reactants: Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction.
  • Products: Substances formed as a result of a chemical change.

Chemical Equations

  • Chemical Equation: Represents a chemical reaction with reactants and products expressed as formulas.
  • Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.
  • Balancing Equations: To demonstrate mass conservation, a chemical equation must be balanced.
  • Coefficients: Numbers that precede formulas used to balance chemical equations.

Moles and Molar Mass

  • Mole: An amount of substance containing approximately (6.022 \times 10^{23}) particles, known as Avogadro's number.
  • Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance, equivalent to the element's atomic mass in grams or the sum of atomic masses for compounds.

Calculating Masses

  • Calculating Mass: The mass of reactants or products can be calculated using a balanced equation and molar masses.

Types of Chemical Reactions

  • General Types: Synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, combustion, and redox reactions.

Specific Reaction Types

  • Synthesis Reaction: Two or more substances combine to form one compound; reactants can be elements or compounds.
  • Decomposition Reaction: A compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
  • Single-Replacement Reaction: One element replaces another in a compound.
  • Double-Replacement Reaction: Two different compounds exchange positive ions to form new compounds.
  • Combustion Reaction: Rapid reaction with oxygen producing heat and light.
  • Redox (Oxidation-Reduction) Reaction: Involves the transfer of electrons between reactants.

Oxidation and Reduction

  • OIL RIG: Mnemonic for Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain.
  • Oxidation: Occurs when a metal combines with oxygen.
  • Reduction: Involves an atom gaining electrons.

Energy in Chemical Reactions

  • Chemical Energy: Energy stored in chemical bonds of substances.
  • Energy Changes: Reactions may absorb or release energy.
  • Exothermic Reaction: Releases energy, heating surroundings; energy released surpasses energy needed to break reactants' bonds.
  • Endothermic Reaction: Absorbs energy; energy required to break bonds exceeds energy released in formation of products.
  • Law of Conservation of Energy: Total energy remains constant before and after a reaction, applicable in both exothermic and endothermic processes.

Reaction Rates

  • Reaction Rate: Speed at which reactants convert to products; indicates how fast a reaction occurs.
  • Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Temperature, surface area, concentration, stirring, and presence of catalysts.
  • Temperature: Increased temperature speeds up particles, leading to more frequent collisions.
  • Surface Area: Smaller particles have a larger surface area, allowing more collisions.
  • Stirring: Enhances substrate exposure and increases collision frequency.
  • Concentration: Higher concentration provides more reactant particles, accelerating the reaction.
  • Catalyst: Increases reaction rates without being consumed; may lower temperature requirements for reactions.

Equilibrium Concepts

  • Equilibrium: Occurs when forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate.
  • Physical Equilibrium: Established when physical changes do not go to completion.
  • Chemical Equilibrium: Occurs when chemical reactions do not go to completion.
  • Reversible Reactions: Allow simultaneous conversion of reactants to products and vice versa.

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Test your understanding of key terms related to chemical reactions with this flashcard quiz. The quiz covers essential vocabulary including reactants, products, and the Law of Conservation of Mass. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge in chemistry.

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