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Questions and Answers
The science which studies the interaction of radiant energy with ______ is called spectroscopy.
The science which studies the interaction of radiant energy with ______ is called spectroscopy.
matter
Volumetric and gravimetric analysis are considered ______ techniques.
Volumetric and gravimetric analysis are considered ______ techniques.
old
Spectrophotometry studies the absorption and/or emission of electromagnetic ______ by matter.
Spectrophotometry studies the absorption and/or emission of electromagnetic ______ by matter.
radiation
The method that relies on measuring a physical property related to the concentration of the analyte is known as ______ analysis.
The method that relies on measuring a physical property related to the concentration of the analyte is known as ______ analysis.
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UV-Vis absorption ______ is crucial in understanding how substances react to light.
UV-Vis absorption ______ is crucial in understanding how substances react to light.
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Electromagnetic radiation has both particle and ______ properties.
Electromagnetic radiation has both particle and ______ properties.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an example of ______ spectroscopy.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an example of ______ spectroscopy.
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One limitation of volumetric and gravimetric analysis is that they can’t achieve a ______ degree of sensitivity.
One limitation of volumetric and gravimetric analysis is that they can’t achieve a ______ degree of sensitivity.
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When energy is absorbed, electrons can be elevated to excited ______ states.
When energy is absorbed, electrons can be elevated to excited ______ states.
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The energy of a photon is given by E = hν = hc/λ, where h is ______ constant.
The energy of a photon is given by E = hν = hc/λ, where h is ______ constant.
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Chromophores are unsaturated groups responsible for ______ and n → π* electronic transitions.
Chromophores are unsaturated groups responsible for ______ and n → π* electronic transitions.
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Auxochromes do not absorb radiation longer than ______ nm by themselves.
Auxochromes do not absorb radiation longer than ______ nm by themselves.
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EMR has two fields: electric and ______, which are perpendicular to the direction of radiation propagation.
EMR has two fields: electric and ______, which are perpendicular to the direction of radiation propagation.
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The more the ______ of double bonds, the higher the wavelength of maximum absorption.
The more the ______ of double bonds, the higher the wavelength of maximum absorption.
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The visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum extends from about 400 to ______ nm.
The visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum extends from about 400 to ______ nm.
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The color wheel shows that colors directly opposite each other are said to be ______ colors.
The color wheel shows that colors directly opposite each other are said to be ______ colors.
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An absorption spectrum is a plot of the ______ as a function of wavelength λ.
An absorption spectrum is a plot of the ______ as a function of wavelength λ.
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Each substance has its characteristic absorption spectrum which depends on its ______.
Each substance has its characteristic absorption spectrum which depends on its ______.
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Absorption of radiation is a process where chemical species gain certain ______ of EMR.
Absorption of radiation is a process where chemical species gain certain ______ of EMR.
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The far ultraviolet region extends from ______ to 200 nm.
The far ultraviolet region extends from ______ to 200 nm.
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Auxochromes can increase the extent of ______ interaction with nearby chromophores.
Auxochromes can increase the extent of ______ interaction with nearby chromophores.
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In the relaxation process, M loses energy either as ______ or radiation.
In the relaxation process, M loses energy either as ______ or radiation.
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The absorption of a molecule is the sum of absorption of all its ______.
The absorption of a molecule is the sum of absorption of all its ______.
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The ______ of a wave is the linear distance between two successive maxima or minima.
The ______ of a wave is the linear distance between two successive maxima or minima.
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The shift of λmax to a longer wavelength is known as the ______ shift.
The shift of λmax to a longer wavelength is known as the ______ shift.
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The increase in the intensity of absorption is referred to as the ______ effect.
The increase in the intensity of absorption is referred to as the ______ effect.
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A decrease in the intensity of absorption is called the ______ effect.
A decrease in the intensity of absorption is called the ______ effect.
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In an alkaline medium, phenol exists predominantly as the ______ form.
In an alkaline medium, phenol exists predominantly as the ______ form.
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An isosbestic point is a specific wavelength at which two chemical species have the same ______.
An isosbestic point is a specific wavelength at which two chemical species have the same ______.
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An increase in temperature may cause a ______ effect on some ions.
An increase in temperature may cause a ______ effect on some ions.
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The UV spectrum of aniline in acid medium shows a ______ shift.
The UV spectrum of aniline in acid medium shows a ______ shift.
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Dilution of dichromate solution changes its color from orange at 440 nm to ______ at 390 nm.
Dilution of dichromate solution changes its color from orange at 440 nm to ______ at 390 nm.
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Study Notes
Spectroscopy
- The science that studies the interaction of radiant energy with matter is called spectroscopy.
- Spectrophotometry studies the absorption and/or emission of electromagnetic radiation by matter.
- Electromagnetic radiation has both particle and wave properties.
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an example of magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Analytical Techniques
- Volumetric and gravimetric analysis are considered classical techniques.
- The method that relies on measuring a physical property related to the concentration of the analyte is known as instrumental analysis.
- One limitation of volumetric and gravimetric analysis is that they can't achieve a high degree of sensitivity.
- UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy is crucial in understanding how substances react to light.
Electromagnetic Radiation
- EMR has two fields: electric and magnetic, which are perpendicular to the direction of radiation propagation.
- The energy of a photon is given by E = hν = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant.
Absorption and Emission
- When energy is absorbed, electrons can be elevated to excited electronic states.
- In the relaxation process, M (molecule) loses energy either as heat or radiation.
- The absorption of a molecule is the sum of absorption of all its chromophores.
Chromophores and Auxochromes
- Chromophores are unsaturated groups responsible for π → π* and n → π* electronic transitions.
- Auxochromes do not absorb radiation longer than 200 nm by themselves.
- Auxochromes can increase the extent of electronic interaction with nearby chromophores.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
- The visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum extends from about 400 to 800 nm.
- The far ultraviolet region extends from 10 to 200 nm.
- The color wheel shows that colors directly opposite each other are said to be complementary colors.
- An absorption spectrum is a plot of the absorbance as a function of wavelength λ.
- Each substance has its characteristic absorption spectrum which depends on its molecular structure.
Wavelength and Absorption
- The more the number of double bonds, the higher the wavelength of maximum absorption.
- The shift of λmax to a longer wavelength is known as the bathochromic shift.
- The increase in the intensity of absorption is referred to as the hyperchromic effect.
- A decrease in the intensity of absorption is called the hypochromic effect.
Other Key Concepts
- Absorption of radiation is a process where chemical species gain certain quanta of EMR.
- The wavelength of a wave is the linear distance between two successive maxima or minima.
- In an alkaline medium, phenol exists predominantly as the phenolate form.
- An isosbestic point is a specific wavelength at which two chemical species have the same absorbance.
- An increase in temperature may cause a hyperchromic effect on some ions.
- The UV spectrum of aniline in acid medium shows a bathochromic shift.
- Dilution of dichromate solution changes its color from orange at 440 nm to yellow at 390 nm.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Chapter 7 on spectroscopy in chemistry. Test your understanding of how radiant energy interacts with matter and the different techniques used in analysis. Assess your knowledge on spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and the properties of electromagnetic radiation.
