Questions and Answers
What is a valence electron?
What is the Octet Rule?
Atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas.
What is an electron dot structure?
A depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element.
What is a halide ion?
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What is an ionic bond?
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What is a metallic bond?
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What is a coordination number?
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How many valence electrons are in an atom of carbon?
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How many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium?
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How many valence electrons does a helium atom have?
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How many valence electrons are in a neon atom?
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What is the name given to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom?
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How does calcium obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds?
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What is the electron configuration of the calcium ion?
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What is the charge on the barium ion?
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The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have ______.
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How many electrons does barium have to give up to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration?
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What is the formula of the ion formed when potassium achieves noble-gas electron configuration?
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Which of the following elements does NOT form an ion with a charge of 1+?
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How many electrons does phosphorus gain in order to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration?
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What is the formula of the ion formed when phosphorus achieves a noble-gas electron configuration?
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What is the electron configuration of the iodine ion?
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Which of the following occurs in an ionic bond?
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A compound held together by ionic bonds is called a ____.
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Which of the following is true about an ionic compound?
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What is the formula unit of sodium nitride?
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What is the formula unit of aluminum oxide?
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What is the name of the ionic compound formed from lithium and bromine?
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What is the formula for sodium sulfate?
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Which of the following compounds has the formula KNO3?
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Ionic compounds are normally in which physical state at room temperature?
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Under what conditions can potassium bromide conduct electricity?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most ionic compounds?
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An ionic bond is a bond between ______.
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Write the formula for the compound barium oxide.
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Write the formula for the compound rubidium phosphide.
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Write the formula for the compound boron chloride.
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How many valence electrons are in rubidium?
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How many valence electrons are in bromine?
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What is the charge of a particle having 9 protons and 10 electrons?
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How many electrons does a gallium atom give up when it becomes an ion?
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What is the coordination number of both ions in the cesium chloride crystal?
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Study Notes
Ionic Compounds and Their Properties
- Valence Electron: Electrons located in the highest occupied energy level of an atom, critical for chemical bonding.
- Octet Rule: Atoms strive to attain a stable electron configuration similar to noble gases, typically involving eight electrons in their outer shell.
- Electron Dot Structure: Visual representation showing valence electrons around an element's symbol, useful for predicting bonding behavior.
Types of Bonds
- Ionic Bond: Attractive force between oppositely charged ions, forming a stable ionic compound.
- Metallic Bond: Occurs between metal ions and their mobile valence electrons, contributing to metal properties like conductivity.
Ions and Their Charges
- Halide Ion: Anions formed from halogens such as chlorine, with a charge of -1.
- Coordination Number: Indicates how many oppositely charged ions surround a particular ion in a crystal lattice, affecting ionic solid properties.
Valence Electrons and Noble Gas Configuration
- Carbon: Contains 4 valence electrons, forming various compounds.
- Magnesium: Has 2 valence electrons, tends to lose them to achieve stability.
- Helium: Possesses 2 valence electrons, indicative of its noble gas status.
- Neon: Holds 8 valence electrons, fulfilling the octet rule.
Ionic Compounds Formulation
- Barium Ion Charge: Barium forms a cation with a charge of +2, having given up 2 electrons.
- Potassium Ion: K+ forms when potassium achieves a noble gas configuration by losing one electron.
- Phosphorus: Gains 3 electrons to form a P^3- ion, achieving stability.
Common Ionic Compounds
- Sodium Nitride: Its formula is Na3N, illustrates the stoichiometry in ionic bonds.
- Aluminum Oxide: Formula is Al2O3, demonstrating aluminum combining with oxide ions.
- Lithium Bromide: Ionic compound formed from the reaction of lithium and bromine.
Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Physical State at Room Temperature: Ionic compounds typically exist as solids, forming a crystalline structure.
- Conductivity: Ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water due to the mobility of ions.
- Melting Points: Generally, ionic compounds have high melting points, contrary to substances with low melting points.
Interactions and Characteristics
- Ionic Bond Details: Formed between a cation (positively charged ion) and an anion (negatively charged ion).
- Cesium Chloride Crystal: Both ions have a coordination number of 8, impacting the compound's stability.
Additional Key Points
- Rubidium and Bromine Valence Electrons: Rubidium has 1 valence electron, while bromine has 7.
- Gallium Ion Formation: Gallium loses 3 electrons when it becomes an ion.
- Charge Calculation: An entity with 9 protons and 10 electrons has a net charge of -1.
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Test your knowledge of ionic compounds with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 7. Each flashcard features a vocabulary word along with its definition to enhance your understanding of the topic. Perfect for revision and quick learning!
