Chemistry Chapter 7 Ionic Compounds Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a valence electron?

  • An electron that is completely removed from the atom
  • An electron in a filled subshell
  • An electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom (correct)
  • The electron closest to the nucleus

    • What is the Octet Rule?

    Atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas.

    What is an electron dot structure?

    A depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element.

    What is a halide ion?

    <p>An anion of chlorine or other halogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ionic bond?

    <p>The force of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a metallic bond?

    <p>The attraction of valence electrons for metal ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a coordination number?

    <p>The number of ions of opposite charge surrounding each ion in a crystal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are in an atom of carbon?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does a helium atom have?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are in a neon atom?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom?

    <p>Valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does calcium obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds?

    <p>It gives up electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron configuration of the calcium ion?

    <p>(18) 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on the barium ion?

    <p>2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have ______.

    <p>The electron configuration of a noble gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons does barium have to give up to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula of the ion formed when potassium achieves noble-gas electron configuration?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements does NOT form an ion with a charge of 1+?

    <p>Fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons does phosphorus gain in order to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula of the ion formed when phosphorus achieves a noble-gas electron configuration?

    <p>P^3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron configuration of the iodine ion?

    <p>1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 3d^10, 4s^2, 4p^6, 4d^10, 5s^2, 5p^6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs in an ionic bond?

    <p>Oppositely charged ions attract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compound held together by ionic bonds is called a ____.

    <p>Salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about an ionic compound?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula unit of sodium nitride?

    <p>Na3N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula unit of aluminum oxide?

    <p>Al2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ionic compound formed from lithium and bromine?

    <p>Lithium bromide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for sodium sulfate?

    <p>Na2(SO4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds has the formula KNO3?

    <p>Potassium nitride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic compounds are normally in which physical state at room temperature?

    <p>Solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions can potassium bromide conduct electricity?

    <p>Only when melted or dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most ionic compounds?

    <p>They have low melting points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ionic bond is a bond between ______.

    <p>A cation and an anion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Write the formula for the compound barium oxide.

    <p>BaO.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Write the formula for the compound rubidium phosphide.

    <p>Rb3P.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Write the formula for the compound boron chloride.

    <p>BCl3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are in rubidium?

    <ol> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons are in bromine?

    <ol start="7"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a particle having 9 protons and 10 electrons?

    <p>1-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons does a gallium atom give up when it becomes an ion?

    <ol start="3"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coordination number of both ions in the cesium chloride crystal?

    <ol start="8"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ionic Compounds and Their Properties

    • Valence Electron: Electrons located in the highest occupied energy level of an atom, critical for chemical bonding.
    • Octet Rule: Atoms strive to attain a stable electron configuration similar to noble gases, typically involving eight electrons in their outer shell.
    • Electron Dot Structure: Visual representation showing valence electrons around an element's symbol, useful for predicting bonding behavior.

    Types of Bonds

    • Ionic Bond: Attractive force between oppositely charged ions, forming a stable ionic compound.
    • Metallic Bond: Occurs between metal ions and their mobile valence electrons, contributing to metal properties like conductivity.

    Ions and Their Charges

    • Halide Ion: Anions formed from halogens such as chlorine, with a charge of -1.
    • Coordination Number: Indicates how many oppositely charged ions surround a particular ion in a crystal lattice, affecting ionic solid properties.

    Valence Electrons and Noble Gas Configuration

    • Carbon: Contains 4 valence electrons, forming various compounds.
    • Magnesium: Has 2 valence electrons, tends to lose them to achieve stability.
    • Helium: Possesses 2 valence electrons, indicative of its noble gas status.
    • Neon: Holds 8 valence electrons, fulfilling the octet rule.

    Ionic Compounds Formulation

    • Barium Ion Charge: Barium forms a cation with a charge of +2, having given up 2 electrons.
    • Potassium Ion: K+ forms when potassium achieves a noble gas configuration by losing one electron.
    • Phosphorus: Gains 3 electrons to form a P^3- ion, achieving stability.

    Common Ionic Compounds

    • Sodium Nitride: Its formula is Na3N, illustrates the stoichiometry in ionic bonds.
    • Aluminum Oxide: Formula is Al2O3, demonstrating aluminum combining with oxide ions.
    • Lithium Bromide: Ionic compound formed from the reaction of lithium and bromine.

    Properties of Ionic Compounds

    • Physical State at Room Temperature: Ionic compounds typically exist as solids, forming a crystalline structure.
    • Conductivity: Ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water due to the mobility of ions.
    • Melting Points: Generally, ionic compounds have high melting points, contrary to substances with low melting points.

    Interactions and Characteristics

    • Ionic Bond Details: Formed between a cation (positively charged ion) and an anion (negatively charged ion).
    • Cesium Chloride Crystal: Both ions have a coordination number of 8, impacting the compound's stability.

    Additional Key Points

    • Rubidium and Bromine Valence Electrons: Rubidium has 1 valence electron, while bromine has 7.
    • Gallium Ion Formation: Gallium loses 3 electrons when it becomes an ion.
    • Charge Calculation: An entity with 9 protons and 10 electrons has a net charge of -1.

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    Test your knowledge of ionic compounds with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 7. Each flashcard features a vocabulary word along with its definition to enhance your understanding of the topic. Perfect for revision and quick learning!

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