Chemistry Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion

What is an ion?

An atom that gains or loses electrons

What is an anion?

Any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge

How are cations formed?

When an atom loses one or more valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

How are anions formed?

When an atom gains one or more valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What are valence electrons?

The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the octet rule?

Atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas Signup and view all the answers

What is an electron dot structure?

A depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element Signup and view all the answers

What is a halide ion?

An ion of chlorine or other halogen Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

The force of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does a helium atom have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration of the calcium ion?

[Ar18] 3s^2 Signup and view all the answers

The octet rule states that in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have __________.

the electron configuration of a noble gas Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons does nitrogen gain in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula of the ion formed when phosphorus achieves a noble gas electron configuration?

P^3- Signup and view all the answers

The electron configuration of a fluoride ion F- is _______.

the same as that of a neon atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge on the cation in the ionic compound sodium sulfide?

1+ Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in an ionic bond?

Oppositely charged ions attract Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds are normally in which physical state at room temperature?

Solid Signup and view all the answers

An ionic bond is a bond between ________.

a cation and anion Signup and view all the answers

What is the compound formed by the reaction of magnesium and chlorine?

Magnesium Chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the compound formed by the reaction of strontium and nitrogen?

Strontium Nitride Signup and view all the answers

What is the compound formed by the reaction of aluminum and sulfur?

Aluminum Sulfide Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for sodium and chlorine is _______

Sodium Chloride, NaCl Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for gallium and oxygen is _______.

Gallium Oxide, Ga(2)O(3) Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for calcium and phosphorus is _______.

Calcium Phosphoride, Ca(3)P(2) Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for radium and arsenic is _______.

Radium Arsenide, Ra(3)As(2) Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic compound?

A compound composed of positive and negative ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical formula?

An expression that indicates the number and type of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance Signup and view all the answers

What is a coordination number?

The number of ions of opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal Signup and view all the answers

What is a formula unit?

The lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound Signup and view all the answers

What is a metallic bond?

The force of attraction that holds metals together, through free floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions Signup and view all the answers

What is an alloy?

A mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrical charge of an ionic compound?

Electrically charged neutral Signup and view all the answers

What are three properties of ionic compounds?

Crystalline solids at room temperature, high melting points, conduct electric current when melted or dissolved in water Signup and view all the answers

How can you model the valence electrons of metallic atoms?

They're modeled as a sea of electrons Signup and view all the answers

Why are alloys important?

Their properties are superior to those of their component elements Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of cations?

Fixed and Not fixed Signup and view all the answers

Which groups are considered fixed cations?

Group 1A, 2A, 3A Signup and view all the answers

Which group does not form cations?

Group 4A Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of anions?

Monoatomic and Polyatomic Signup and view all the answers

What is the ending for monoatomic anions?

"ide" (Sodium Chloride, Magnesium Nitride) Signup and view all the answers

What are the charges for groups 1A-3A?

Group 1A: + or 1+, Group 2A: 2+, Group 3A: 3+ Signup and view all the answers

What are the charges for groups 5A-7A?

Group 5A: 3-, Group 6A: 2-, Group 7A: - or 1- Signup and view all the answers

In what order do transition metals lose their electrons?

SDPF Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons do noble gases have (excluding helium)?

8 Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does helium have?

2 Signup and view all the answers

In what order do you write compounds?

Metal then nonmetal or cation then anion Signup and view all the answers

The valence electrons largely determine the _ of an element and are usually the only electrons used in __.

chemical properties, chemical bonds Signup and view all the answers

True or False: The group number of a representative element in the periodic table is related to the number of valence electrons it has.

True Signup and view all the answers

What property of nonmetallic elements makes them more likely to gain electrons than lose electrons?

They have relatively full valence shells Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Ionic compounds have generally low melting points.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are interstitial alloys?

Alloys that have smaller atoms that fit into the spaces between larger atoms Signup and view all the answers

What are substitutional alloys?

Alloys that have component atoms that are roughly equal in size Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of calcium and phosphorus?

Calcium Phosphoride, Ca(3)P(2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of magnesium (IV) and nitride?

Mn(3)N(4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of strontium (3) and bismuth?

Strontium Bismide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of silver and nitrogen?

Silver Nitride Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of rubidium and acetate?

Rb(C2H3O2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of thallium and oxalate?

Ti(2)(C2O4)3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process to find the ionic charge and electron configuration of magnesium?

Mg [Ne10] 3s, Mg^2+ > [Ne10] Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for Fe^2+?

Fe [Ar18] 4s^2 3d^6 = Fe^2+ > 3d^6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction of calcium and its cation?

Ca [Ar18] 4s^2 > Ca^2+ > [Ar18] Signup and view all the answers

What charge does the 'Zinc group' always have?

2+ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ions and Their Classifications

Cations are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses valence electrons.
Anions are negatively charged ions created when an atom gains valence electrons.
An ion is defined as an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.

Electron Configuration and Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are those in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms and determine chemical properties.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to acquire a stable electron configuration akin to that of noble gases.

Ionic Bonds and Compounds

Ionic bonds arise from the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions.
Ionic compounds are usually solids at room temperature and have high melting points.
They conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water.

Chemical Formulas and Coordination Numbers

A chemical formula provides the number and types of atoms in the smallest unit of a substance.
The coordination number indicates how many oppositely charged ions surround each ion in a crystal.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are electrically neutral and have fixed charges based on their groups in the periodic table.
Group charges:
- 1A: +1
- 2A: +2
- 3A: +3
- 5A: -3
- 6A: -2
- 7A: -1

Alloys and Bonding

Metallic bonds consist of the attraction between free-floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions.
Alloys are mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, and can be categorized into interstitial and substitutional alloys.

Valence Electrons in Noble Gases

Noble gases, excluding helium, have eight valence electrons, while helium has two.

Groups and Electron Loss

Transition metals lose electrons in the order of s, d, p, and f sublevels when forming cations.
Nonmetals are inclined to gain electrons due to their relatively full valence shells, enhancing their stability.

Ionic Compound Naming and Structure

Monoatomic anions typically end in "ide" (e.g., Sodium Chloride).
The formula unit represents the simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
Cations can be fixed (Group 1A, 2A, 3A) or not fixed, while anions can be monoatomic or polyatomic.

Examples of Ionic Compounds

Common ionic compounds include Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2), Strontium Nitride (Sr3N2), and Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
Each compound can be expressed in terms of its chemical formula, indicating the ratio of constituent ions.

Additional Concepts

The valence electrons influence the chemical properties of elements and are engaging in forming chemical bonds.
The electrical neutrality of ionic compounds arises from equal numbers of positive and negative charges within the compound.

Importance of Alloys

Alloys possess properties that often surpass those of their individual elements, making them valuable in various applications.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chemistry Chapter 7 with these flashcards. Learn about cations, anions, and the formation of ions. These terms are essential for understanding chemical reactions and properties of elements.