Chemistry Chapter 6 Study Guide

Questions and Answers

What is the Actinide Series?

The d-block elements from period 6

The s-block elements from period 7

The f-block elements from period 6

The f-block elements from period 7 following actinium (correct)

What are Alkali Metals?

Group 1 elements, except for hydrogen, which are reactive and usually exist as compounds with other elements.

What are Alkaline Earth Metals?

Group 2 elements in the modern periodic table that are highly reactive.

What is Electronegativity?

The relative ability of an element's atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Group in the periodic table?

A vertical column of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number, also called a family. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Halogen?

A highly reactive group 17 element. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Inner Transition Metal?

A type of group B element contained in the f-block of the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Ion?

An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ionization Energy?

Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lanthanide Series?

The f-block elements from period 6 following lanthanum Signup and view all the answers

What is a Metal?

An element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Noble Gas?

An extremely unreactive Group 18 element. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Nonmetal?

Elements that are generally gases or dull, brittle solids that are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Octet Rule?

States that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons to acquire a stable electron configuration of a noble gas. Signup and view all the answers

What does a Period represent in the periodic table?

A horizontal row of elements arranged by increasing atomic number. Signup and view all the answers

The Periodic Law states that elements arranged by increasing atomic number have a periodic repetition of their properties.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are Representative Elements?

Elements from groups 1,2, and 13-18 possessing a wide range of chemical and physical properties. Signup and view all the answers

What are Transition Elements?

Elements in groups 3-12 that is characterized by a filled outermost s orbital and filled d orbitals. Signup and view all the answers

What did Newlands (1864) contribute to the periodic table?

Arranged elements by increasing atomic number and noticed a repetition of properties every 8th element ('Law of Octaves'). Signup and view all the answers

What did Meyer/Mendeleev (1869) do?

Arranged elements with similar properties in columns, increasing mass, and left spaces for undiscovered elements. Signup and view all the answers

What did Mosley (1913) discover?

Arranged elements by increasing atomic number and showed their periodic function through X-ray experiments. Signup and view all the answers

What tends to happen to Atomic and Ionic Radii as you move right across a period?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

How do Ionization Energies change across a period?

Increase Signup and view all the answers

How does Electronegativity change in the periodic table?

Increases right and decreases down Signup and view all the answers

Elements in the same group have similar properties and the same number of valence electrons.

True Signup and view all the answers

What do Rows on the periodic table represent?

Energy levels. Signup and view all the answers

What are Rows also called?

Periods. Signup and view all the answers

What are Columns on the periodic table known as?

Families. Signup and view all the answers

What are elements in columns 1,2, and 13-18 also called?

Representative. Signup and view all the answers

What is the modern periodic table arranged by?

Increasing atomic number. Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons should an atom have in its outer level to be chemically stable?

<ol start="8"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are elements with 3 or fewer electrons in the outer level classified as?

Nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What are the physical properties of a metal?

Conduct heat, are hard, shiny, and malleable. Signup and view all the answers

What does the periodic number in the periodic table designate?

The maximum number of outer electrons in the row. Signup and view all the answers

As the atomic number in a period increases, the degree of nonmetallic character:

Increases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Actinide and Lanthanide Series

Actinide series comprises f-block elements from period 7, following actinium.
Lanthanide series consists of f-block elements from period 6, following lanthanum.

Periodic Table Groups

Alkali metals (Group 1) are highly reactive, excluding hydrogen, and mainly exist as compounds.
Alkaline earth metals (Group 2) are also highly reactive.
Halogens (Group 17) are known for their high reactivity.
Noble gases (Group 18) are extremely unreactive.
Representative elements include groups 1, 2, and 13-18, showcasing diverse chemical and physical properties.
Transition elements span groups 3-12 in the d-block, featuring filled outermost s orbital and partially filled d orbitals.

Definitions and Properties

Electronegativity rates the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.
Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom, increasing across a period and decreasing down a group.
An ion is an atom or bonded group with a positive or negative charge.
Metal properties include the ability to conduct heat, being hard, shiny, and malleable.
Nonmetals are generally gaseous or dull, brittle solids, poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Periods and Atomic Structure

Periods are horizontal rows indicating increasing atomic number and periodic repetition of properties.
Each period represents a specific energy level, while groups (or families) represent vertical columns with similar chemical properties.
Atomic and ionic radii decrease from left to right and increase down a group.

Historical Contributions to the Periodic Table

Newlands proposed the "Law of Octaves" in 1864, noting the repetition of properties every eighth element.
Meyer and Mendeleev organized elements by increasing atomic mass, creating columns of similar properties while predicting undiscovered elements.
Mosley established the modern periodic table arrangement based on increasing atomic number through X-ray experiments.

Chemical Stability and Electron Configuration

According to the octet rule, atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to attain a stable configuration resembling that of noble gases.
Atoms require eight electrons in their outer level for chemical stability; elements with three or fewer outer electrons typically behave like nonmetals.

Trends in the Periodic Table

Electronegativity and ionization energies increase across a period and decrease down a group.
Nonmetallic character enhances with an increasing atomic number in a period.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Chemistry Chapter 6, focusing on important terms such as Actinide Series, Alkali Metals, and Alkaline Earth Metals. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential elements and their properties. Perfect for exam preparation and quick revision.