Chemistry Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged according to?

increasing atomic number

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

  • Fluorine (correct)
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen

    • The first periodic table was published by?

    Mendeleev

    What name is sometimes used to refer to the entire set of d-block elements?

    <p>transition elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements is designated as the halogens?

    <p>group 17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elements in group 1 are known as the?

    <p>alkali metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ may be defined as one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together.

    <p>atomic radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ electrons are available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds.

    <p>valence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electronegativities of f-block elements?

    <p>are similar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom is called the atom's?

    <p>electron affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A positively charged ion is called a?

    <p>cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second ionization energies are _______ than first ionization energies.

    <p>higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

    <p>Francium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    D-block elements are ____

    <p>metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What block does the following element belong to: oxygen?

    <p>p</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What block does the following element belong to: tungsten?

    <p>d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What block does the following element belong to: plutonium?

    <p>f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What block does the following element belong to: magnesium?

    <p>s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What block does the following element belong to: francium?

    <p>s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define periodic law.

    <p>the physical and chemical properties of the element is the periodic function of the atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe Mosley's contributions to the modern periodic table.

    <p>he ordered the elements according to their atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State the general period and group trends among main-group elements for atomic radii.

    <p>decreasing across the periodic table and increases as you go down the periodic table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why the atomic radii trend occurs.

    <p>the elements get smaller because the increase of positive charge of the nucleus. It increases when you go down because the electron cloud becomes bigger and can hold more sublevels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State the general period and group trends among main-group elements for first ionization energy.

    <p>it increases as you go across the periodic table and decreases as you go down the periodic table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Periodic Table Arrangement

    • Elements in the modern periodic table are arranged by increasing atomic number.
    • Mendeleev first published a periodic table, organizing elements by atomic mass.

    Electronegativity and Ionization

    • Fluorine has the highest electronegativity among oxygen, hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon.
    • First ionization energy increases across the periodic table, while it decreases down the groups.
    • Second ionization energies are always higher than first ionization energies.

    Element Groups and Blocks

    • Halogens are located in group 17 of the periodic table.
    • Alkali metals are found in group 1.
    • D-block elements are collectively known as transition elements and are all metals.
    • Oxygen belongs to the p block, tungsten is in the d block, plutonium is in the f block, and magnesium is categorized in the s block.

    Atomic and Electron Properties

    • Atomic radius is half the distance between the nuclei of identical bonded atoms.
    • Valence electrons are those available for loss, gain, or sharing in chemical bonding.
    • The electronegativities of f-block elements tend to be similar.
    • Electron affinity refers to the energy change when a neutral atom acquires an electron.

    Cations and Atomic Radius

    • A cation is defined as a positively charged ion.
    • Francium has the largest atomic radius among hydrogen, francium, chlorine, and bismuth.
    • Atomic radii decrease across a period and increase down a group due to the increasing nuclear charge and electron cloud expansion.
    • Periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number.

    Contributions of Mosley

    • Mosley contributed to the modern periodic table by organizing elements according to their atomic number rather than atomic mass.

    These notes encapsulate critical aspects of periodic trends and atomic properties essential for understanding the periodic table and element behavior.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 5 of Chemistry. Topics include the organization of the periodic table, electronegativity, and historical figures in chemistry. Perfect for revision and preparation for exams.

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