Periodic Table Trends: Electronegativity and Atom Size
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Questions and Answers

Which type of bond has an equal sharing of the electron pair?

  • Polar covalent bond
  • Ionic bond
  • Nonpolar covalent bond (correct)
  • Hydrogen bond

    • If two nonmetals have an electronegativity difference of 2.0, what type of bond is likely to form between them?

  • Nonpolar covalent bond
  • Polar covalent bond
  • Metallic bond
  • Ionic bond (correct)

    • What property distinguishes polar covalent bonds from nonpolar covalent bonds?

  • Electronegativity difference
  • Solubility in water
  • Electron sharing
  • Dipole moment formation (correct)

    • Which type of compound is more likely to dissolve in nonpolar solutions?

    <p>Nonpolar covalent compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'electronegativity' refer to in the context of chemical bonding?

    <p>Ability of an element to attract electrons in a bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compound is more likely to have a dipole moment within its molecule?

    <p>Polar covalent compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the molecular formula of water, H2O, signify?

    <p>Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is known as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?

    <p>Dmitri Mendeleev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Rutherford gold foil experiment reveal about the atom's structure?

    <p>The atom mostly consists of empty space with a concentrated positive charge at the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of the atom did the Rutherford gold foil experiment refute?

    <p>Thomson model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of an ion?

    <p>It has gained or lost one or more electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are elements organized in the Periodic Table?

    <p>By their number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electronegativity of atoms as they move from the bottom left to the top right of the periodic table?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of protons in an atom's nucleus affect its ionization energy?

    <p>It increases ionization energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of electronegativity used to explain in covalent compounds?

    <p>Bond polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a larger electronegativity value indicate according to Linus Pauling's scale?

    <p>Increased ability to attract electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms with more electron shells surrounding their nuclei influence their ionization energy?

    <p>Decrease ionization energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of determining electronegativity difference (ΔEN) between atoms?

    <p>To decide on bond polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic used to measure metallic character?

    <p>Ease of giving away valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of elements exhibit a diagonal relationship in terms of atomic radii?

    <p>Boron and Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metals generally have higher boiling points than nonmetals?

    <p>Because metals lose electrons easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements is known for its paramagnetic property?

    <p>Transition metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of electron accommodation, how many electrons can the third energy shell accommodate at most?

    <p>8 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do elements do to achieve the octet rule?

    <p>Share, gain, or lose electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines both the properties and reactivity of an atom?

    <p>Amount of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atomic radius trend as you move from the top right toward the bottom left of the periodic table?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ions have larger ionic radii compared to the atomic radii of their parent atoms?

    <p>Anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an atom described if it loses an electron?

    <p>Cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the energy level of an electron correspond to in the electron configuration system?

    <p>A number between 1-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are valence electrons typically found in an atom?

    <p>'n' energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for electrons in the outermost shell that are not involved in the formation of a covalent bond?

    <p>Lone pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are compounds with covalent bonds known as?

    <p>Covalent compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are covalent molecules poor conductors of electricity?

    <p>Due to the absence of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to double and triple covalent bonds collectively?

    <p>Multiple bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are polar covalent bonds said to have partially charged ends?

    <p>Due to unequal sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of atoms create positive and negatively charged ions in an ionic bond?

    <p>Anions and cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen bonds occur between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule and which type of atom in another polar molecule?

    <p><strong>Highly electronegative</strong> atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the type of bond two different atoms are going to form?

    <p>Electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a highly electronegative atom gains an electron?

    <p>It forms an anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining factor of a covalent bond?

    <p>Sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electronegativity difference range for polar covalent bonds?

    <p>0.5 - 1.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compound is more likely to have a dipole moment within its molecule?

    <p>Polar Covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do nonpolar molecules not have dipole moments?

    <p>They have equal sharing of the electron pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compound is soluble in nonpolar solutions?

    <p>Nonpolar Covalent Compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates polar covalent bonds from nonpolar covalent bonds?

    <p>Electronegativity difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the molecular formula of magnesium nitride, Mg3 N2, signify?

    <p>It has two magnesium cations and three nitrogen anions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Rutherford gold foil experiment challenge the Thomson model of the atom?

    <p>By observing that alpha particles were scattered by the atom's nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Periodic Table, what element is assigned an atomic number equal to its number of protons?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Johann Dobereiner's Law of Triads aim to organize regarding elements?

    <p>Elements with similar properties into groups of three.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Dmitri Mendeleev contribute to the modern Periodic Table?

    <p>By arranging elements by increasing atomic masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the defining characteristics of elements according to the text?

    <p>They have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are elements in the periodic table grouped into categories?

    <p>By their atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the size of an ion in terms of its ionic radius?

    <p>The number of orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trend explains why atoms moving down a group have larger atomic radii?

    <p>Increasing number of orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ions have smaller ionic radii compared to the atomic radii of their parent atoms?

    <p>Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electron configurations help in understanding the location of electrons in an atom?

    <p>By showing the energy level and orbital where electrons are located</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between group numbers and valence electrons in most atoms?

    <p>Final digit of group number matches valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing the metallic character of elements on the periodic table?

    <p>Ease of losing valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metals tend to be good conductors of electricity?

    <p>Loosely held outer electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At room temperature, many metals are solids while nonmetals are gases. What characteristic contributes to the difference in their physical state?

    <p>Valence electron configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend in boiling point is observed when moving across a period from left to right in the periodic table?

    <p>First increase then decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of elements exhibits a diagonal relationship based on their atomic radii similarity?

    <p>Boron and Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the metallic character of elements when moving down a group from top to bottom in the periodic table?

    <p>Increase in atomic radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of atoms moving from the bottom left to the top right of the periodic table is primarily responsible for their increased ionization energy requirements?

    <p>Increased number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) between two atoms impact bond polarity?

    <p>Higher ΔEN leads to polar covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences an element's ability to attract and hold electrons in a covalent compound?

    <p>Electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do nonmetals with electronegativities greater than 2.00 create important covalent molecules in living organisms?

    <p>To share electrons easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms with many electron orbitals surrounding their nuclei affect their ionization energy?

    <p>Decrease it due to greater distance from the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of elements found in living organisms contributes to the creation of numerous covalent molecules with polar or nonpolar bonds?

    <p>High electronegativity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?

    <p>Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds are formed between two nonmetals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are covalent bond molecules considered poor conductors of electricity?

    <p>Covalent bond molecules lack charged particles to carry electrical current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a polar covalent bond, why do the ends of the bond have partial charges?

    <p>As a result of the sharing of electrons being unequal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond involves forces of attraction between molecules?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms with differing electronegativities contribute to the formation of polar covalent bonds?

    <p>By unequally sharing electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons due to different electronegativities between atoms?

    <p>Polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how molecules interact with each other in terms of their bonding characteristics?

    <p>The polarity, or difference in charge, in their bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes a hydrogen bond from other intermolecular forces?

    <p>'Requiring a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes partial charges at the ends of polar covalent bonds?

    <p>Unequal sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that leads to the formation of multiple bonds between atoms?

    <p>Availability of additional valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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