Chemistry Chapter 5 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which statement describes an exothermic reaction?

The enthalpy change is positive.

It releases energy to the surroundings. (correct)

The products have a higher energy content than the reactants.

It absorbs heat from the surroundings.

What is the correct sign of the enthalpy change (∆H) for an endothermic reaction?

∆H > 0 (correct)

∆H = 0

∆H < 0

∆H = -1

Which process would be classified as an endothermic reaction?

Combustion of methane

Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (correct)

Dissolving anhydrous salts

Neutralization of an acid

What is the relationship between the energy content of reactants and products in an exothermic reaction?

Reactants have higher energy than products. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the reaction type that is more energetically favorable.

Exothermic reactions Signup and view all the answers

In a reaction pathway diagram, what aspect does the vertical axis typically represent?

Energy levels of reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

How does the stability of a system relate to the enthalpy change (∆H) value?

More negative ∆H values indicate more stability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions is an example of combustion?

Reaction of hydrogen gas with oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Why does ozone not convert to oxygen immediately in the atmosphere?

It is kinetically stable but energetically unstable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate heat energy absorbed or released in a reaction?

Heat energy = mc∆T Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption is made when calculating enthalpy changes for aqueous solutions?

The density of the solution is considered to be 1 g cm⁻³. Signup and view all the answers

In the example of calculating enthalpy change, why is a polystyrene cup used?

It is a good heat insulator. Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat capacity assumed for water in calculations?

4.18 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹ Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term ∆H in enthalpy calculations?

The energy change per mole of the limiting reagent. Signup and view all the answers

What temperature change (ΔT) would result from an initial temperature of 18.1 °C and a maximum temperature of 24.8 °C?

6.7 °C Signup and view all the answers

How can enthalpy changes be measured experimentally?

By measuring temperature changes. Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for ion-solvent bonds to be formed?

Ion-ionic and solvent-solvent bonds must be broken. Signup and view all the answers

Why do covalent compounds dissolve better in non-polar solvents than polar solvents?

The attraction between molecule and solvent is stronger in non-polar solvents. Signup and view all the answers

Why do some covalent compounds react with water instead of dissolving?

Due to the formation of ions upon reaction. Signup and view all the answers

Why are metals typically insoluble in both polar and non-polar solvents?

Metal atoms form strong metallic bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What makes a gas approach ideal behavior?

Weak intermolecular forces and high temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What leads to limitations of ideal gas behavior at very high pressures?

Increased intermolecular attractions become significant. Signup and view all the answers

How does the kinetic-molecular model describe the liquid state?

Molecules are loosely packed and can slide past one another. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water?

It forms hydrogen ions and chloride ions. Signup and view all the answers

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Description

Test your understanding of exothermic and endothermic reactions with this quiz based on Chapter 5 of your chemistry textbook. You'll explore concepts like enthalpy change, energy relationships, and reaction types. Answer questions about reaction pathways and stability in chemical processes.