Chemistry Chapter 5 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?

  • CaO
  • CaSO4
  • CaHCO3
  • Ca(OH)2 (correct)

Which of the following compounds contains water of hydration?

  • Calcium sulfate
  • Sodium chloride
  • Potassium iodide
  • Magnesium sulfate hepta hydrate (correct)

Which of the following is a strong acid?

  • Acetic acid
  • Hydrochloric acid (correct)
  • Calcium hydrogen carbonate
  • Carbonic acid

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of potassium and chlorine gas?

<p>2 K + Cl2 → 2 KCl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is a type of carbonate?

<p>Sodium carbonate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for magnesium oxide?

<p>MgO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the arrow in a chemical equation represent?

<p>Produces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What product is formed when sodium chloride decomposes?

<p>Both sodium metal and chlorine gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for an equation to be balanced?

<p>The number of atoms must be equal on both sides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic salt?

<p>Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves one element replacing another in a compound?

<p>Single Replacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction do cations and anions exchange partners to form new compounds?

<p>Double Replacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must always be checked at the end of balancing a chemical equation?

<p>The balancing of polyatomic ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction produces the most common oxide by adding oxygen?

<p>Combustion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

<p>Write out the formulas for all compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the plus sign in a chemical equation?

<p>Reactants react with (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct conversion of 250 μm to mm?

<p>0.250 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total magnification when the ocular lens is 10x and the objective lens is 4x?

<p>40x (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the field of view (FOV) at 40x is 0.55 mm, what is the FOV at 300x?

<p>73 μm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure is responsible for producing ATP?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for packaging substances for secretion?

<p>Golgi Body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily involved in the intracellular transport of materials?

<p>Vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains DNA?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure converts solar energy to chemical energy?

<p>Chloroplast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long will it take for Gretzky's puck to reach the net when shot at 90 km/h from 15 m away?

<p>0.60 s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

<p>Genetic material is in the cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is unique to plant cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shortest time it would take a Sun Spider to run 3.6 m at 16 km/h?

<p>0.23 s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about a graph of position versus time is not true?

<p>An upward curving line indicates constant speed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

<p>Provides very high magnification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What force is needed to lift a 4.54 kg bag of sugar at constant speed?

<p>44.5 N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about eukaryotic cells is true?

<p>They have organized organelles in membranes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

<p>Cannot view internal structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The weight of an object is defined as which of the following?

<p>The force of gravity acting on its mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT found in animal cells?

<p>Cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the work done when lifting a box weighing 67.8 N up 3.3 m?

<p>224 J (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following units is equivalent to one joule?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of resolving power, which microscope provides the highest detail?

<p>Transmission electron microscope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a velocity-time graph, an upward slope indicates what about the object's motion?

<p>It is accelerating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a plasmid from a typical chromosomal structure?

<p>Plasmids often exist as circular DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes ribosomes?

<p>They are involved in protein synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the image produced by a light microscope?

<p>Colored and two-dimensional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when a motor is stated to be 73% efficient?

<p>73% of the input energy is converted to kinetic energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about work and kinetic energy is not true?

<p>A force doing work always results in a gain of kinetic energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For every 100 J of energy supplied to a motor with 73% efficiency, how much energy is wasted?

<p>27 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the energy in a pendulum is not true?

<p>At the bottom of the swing, all energy is gravitational potential energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the useful output energy of a motor?

<p>Kinetic energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of photosynthesis results in an increase in what type of energy?

<p>Potential energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not describe the energy transformation in an electric motor?

<p>Heat to electrical energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Formation reaction

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product. It can be represented as A + B → AB.

Decomposition reaction

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products. It can be represented as AB → A + B.

Single replacement reaction

A chemical reaction where one element replaces another element in a compound. It can be represented as A + BX → AX + B.

Double replacement reaction

A chemical reaction where the cations and anions of two reactants exchange partners to form two new compounds. It can be represented as AX + BY → AY + BX.

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Combustion reaction

A chemical reaction involving a substance reacting with oxygen, usually producing heat and light. It can be represented as X + O2 → XO?.

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Balancing chemical equations

The process of ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of a chemical reaction. It follows the Law of Conservation of Mass.

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Coefficient in a chemical equation

A number placed before a chemical formula in a balanced chemical equation to indicate the number of molecules or formula units involved in the reaction.

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Reactants

The substances that are present at the beginning of a chemical reaction.

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Salt

A compound that is formed when an acid and a base react together. It is a neutral compound.

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Cation

The positively charged part of a chemical compound.

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Anion

The negatively charged part of a chemical compound.

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Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to produce a solution that conducts electricity.

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Non-electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to produce a solution that does not conduct electricity.

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Cell

The smallest functional unit of life, capable of independent existence and carrying out all life processes.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Simple cells lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and other complex organelles.

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Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells possessing a membrane-bound nucleus, more organized organelles, and larger size.

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Organelles

Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions, like energy production or protein synthesis.

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Chloroplasts

A green organelle found in plants and algae that captures light energy for photosynthesis.

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Central Vacuole

A large, fluid-filled sac in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste.

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection to plant cells.

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Lysosomes

Organelles in animal cells that break down waste products and cellular debris.

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Light Microscope

A type of microscope that uses light to illuminate and magnify specimens.

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Electron Microscope

A type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to magnify specimens, providing much higher resolution.

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Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion.

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Potential Energy

The energy stored in an object due to its position or state.

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Power

The rate at which work is done.

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Energy

The ability to do work.

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Work

The transfer of energy from one object to another due to a force acting over a distance.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

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Efficiency

The ratio of useful output energy to input energy, expressed as a percentage.

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Electric Motor

The process by which a motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

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What is travel time?

The time it takes for an object to travel a certain distance.

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What is speed?

The rate at which an object changes its position.

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What is displacement?

The change in position of an object over time.

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What is gravity?

The force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth.

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How much force is needed to lift an object at a constant speed?

The amount of force needed to lift an object at a constant speed is equal to the object's weight.

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What is kinetic energy?

The amount of energy an object possesses due to its motion.

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How is work calculated?

The work done on an object is equal to the force applied multiplied by the distance moved.

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What is energy?

The ability to do work.

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What is a micrometer (µm)?

Micrometer (µm) is a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter (1/1,000,000 m). It is also commonly known as a micron and denoted by the symbol µm. It is commonly used to measure microscopic objects.

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What is a millimeter (mm)?

Millimeter (mm) is a unit of length equal to one thousandth of a meter (1/1,000 m). It is commonly used to measure small objects like the thickness of a book or the length of a pencil.

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What is total magnification?

Total Magnification is the total power of the microscope, which is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens by the magnification of the objective lens.

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What is the Field of View (FOV)?

Field of View (FOV) is the circular area visible through the microscope, which is the diameter of the circle you see when looking through the microscope. It is measured in mm or µm.

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How does the FOV change with magnification?

The field of view (FOV) decreases as the magnification increases. This means that you will be able to see less of the specimen as you zoom in closer.

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What is the function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they are responsible for the production of ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. They convert chemical energy from food into ATP through cellular respiration.

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What is the function of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, the creation of proteins. They are composed of RNA and protein, and they use the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) to assemble amino acids into proteins.

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What is the function of the nucleus?

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the cell's DNA, which carries the genetic instructions for the cell's activities. The nucleus is responsible for regulating cell division, growth, and differentiation.

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Study Notes

Chemistry

  • WHMIS - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System; symbols used to identify dangerous materials.
  • Classifying Matter - Matter is anything with mass and volume. Matter can be a mixture or a pure substance.
  • Dalton's Atomic Theory (12):
    • All matter is made up of small particles called atoms.
    • Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided into smaller parts.
    • All atoms of the same element have the same mass; different elements have different masses.
    • Putting two elements together creates a compound.
    • Chemical reactions rearrange the grouping of atoms, but atoms themselves do not change.
  • J.J. Thomson (15):
    • Atoms are made up of smaller particles.
    • Atoms have negative electrons.
    • Viewed atom as a raisin bun (electrons embedded within the atom).
  • Rutherford (16):
    • Alpha particle streams showed positively charged protons and neutral neutrons within the atom’s nucleus.
    • Atoms have a volume of empty space surrounding the nucleus.
    • Atomic model is like a solar system.
  • Bohr (19):
    • Electrons occupy specific energy levels within the atom.
  • Working Model of the Atom (22):
    • Proton: Positive charge (+1), symbolized by p.
    • Neutron: Neutral charge, symbolized by n.
    • Electron: Negative charge (-1), symbolized by e.
  • Nuclear Notation (22):
    • Atomic Number = number of protons
    • Mass Number = number of protons + neutrons
    • Number of neutrons = mass number - Atomic number
  • Periodic Table (25):
    • Organizes elements according to properties.
    • Elements in periods (horizontal rows) have the same number of energy levels for electrons.
    • Elements in groups (vertical columns) have similar properties and number of valence electrons.
  • Formation of Ions (29):
    • Cations: Positively charged ions (metals lose electrons).
    • Anions: Negatively charged ions (non-metals gain electrons).
  • Naming Ions (44):
    • The compound formed is electrically neutral.
    • The first element in the name is the metal, the second element is named by adding "-ide" to the non-metal's name.
  • Formulas (45):
    • Use ion charges to determine the number of each ion needed for neutralization.
  • Molecular Compounds (31):
    • Groups of atoms (molecules) not ions that contain only non-metals.
    • Many elements exist as diatomic molecules (remember the Special Seven: O2, H2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 & P4, S8)
  • Naming Molecular Compounds (43):
    • First element name is the one which is farther left in the periodic table.
    • Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element present (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta...).
  • Chemical Reactions (85):
    • Reactions involve changes in substances (reactants to products).
    • Substances that react are called reactants, substances formed are called products.
    • Reactions give off or require energy.
    • Evidence for reactions is a change in temperature, states, and odor.
  • Writing Reactions (94):
    • Balanced equations demonstrate conservation of mass
    • Reactions are categorized into types.
  • Atoms and Ions Review (pg 5, pg 7)
    • Review of atoms and ions with examples and naming rules.

Other Subjects

(The following sections are not completely Chemistry)

  • Biology (pg 9):
    • Cells are fundamental units of life.
    • All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
  • The Microscope (pg 10)
    • Different types of microscopes (light, transmission electron, scanning electron) have varying degrees of magnification, resolution and image types.
  • Conversion of units, fields of view (pg 12)
    • Conversion of units and analysis of quantities using data for problems.
  • Cell Structure (pg 13)
    • Identification of cell structures and functions.
  • Other Biological concepts (pg 14, pg 15, pg 16, pg 17)
    • Biological concepts and related problems.
  • Physics (pages 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
    • Various physics concepts and problems ranging from conversions, sig figs, vectors, quantitites to specific physics applications.

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