Balansiranje hemijskih jednačina

Balancing Chemical Equations

• Chemical equations describe chemical reactions, indicating reactants and products.
• The equations must be balanced, meaning the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides.
• Balancing involves adjusting coefficients (numbers before formulas) to achieve atom equality.

Types of Reactions

• Synthesis/Combination: Two or more substances combine to form a single product (A + B → AB)
• Decomposition: A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (AB → A + B)
• Combustion: A substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light (fuel + O2 → products)
• Single Replacement: One element replaces another in a compound (A + BC → AC + B)
• Double Replacement: Two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds (AB + CD → AD + CB)

Empirical Formulas

• Empirical formulas represent the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
• Calculate from percentage composition by assuming a 100g sample.
• Determine moles of each element and find the simplest ratio.
• Multiply ratios if necessary to obtain whole numbers.

Gram Molecular Mass

• The mass of one mole of a compound, calculated from atomic masses.
• Sum the atomic masses of all atoms in the compound to get g/mol.

Mole/Mole Conversions

• This is about relating amounts of chemical species (reactants and products) in chemical reactions/processes.
• Use mole ratios (based on balanced chemical equations) to connect the quantities.

Mole/Mass Conversions

• This involves converting between moles and mass.
• Use molar mass to convert from mass to moles using the formula (mass / molar mass = moles)
• Use molar mass to convert from moles to mass using the formula (moles x molar mass = mass)

Limiting Reactants

• Limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed in a reaction, limiting further product formation.
• Compare reactant moles to their coefficients in the balanced equation; the one with fewer available moles is likely the limiting reactant.

Hydrates

• Hydrates are ionic compounds with water molecules physically bonded to their structure.
• Water in hydrates forms a specific ratio relative to the anhydrous compound.
• Percentage of water in a hydrate calculates from the mass of water relative to the total mass/hydrate (water/hydrate x 100)

Ovaj kviz ispituje vaša znanja o balansiranju hemijskih jednačina i različitim tipovima hemijskih reakcija. Učeći o sintezi, raspadu, sagorevanju i zameni, steći ćete bolje razumevanje hemijskih formula i njihovih empirijskih odnosa. Pripremite se za testiranje vaših hemijskih veština!