Chemistry Chapter 5 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?

  • Ductility
  • Combustion (correct)
  • Evaporation
  • Luster

What is the term for a pure substance made up of only one type of atom?

  • Molecule
  • Compound
  • Element (correct)
  • Atom

In a physical change, which of the following occurs?

  • A substance turns into a new substance.
  • The appearance of a substance changes, but its composition remains the same. (correct)
  • Energy is absorbed in a chemical reaction.
  • Chemical bonds are formed or broken.

Which scientist is known for contributing to the atomic theory?

<p>John Dalton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you classify the change that occurs when iron rusts?

<p>Chemical change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of an atom if it has 12 protons and 10 neutrons?

<p>22 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a diatomic molecule?

<p>Hydrogen (H2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a Type I ionic compound?

<p>It contains a metal with a fixed charge and a nonmetal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is represented by the equation: $2H2 + O2 \rightarrow 2H2O$?

<p>Synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix corresponds to the number 3 in covalent compound naming?

<p>Tri- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement concerning elements is true?

<p>All atoms of a given element must have the same atomic number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of an atom that consists of 21 protons, 24 neutrons and 21 electrons?

<p>58 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is an alkali earth metal?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms of different isotopes of the same element differ in their number of:

<p>Neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does every Fluorine atom have?

<p>An atomic number of 9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the long form electron configuration of Chlorine?

<p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has the shortest electron configuration?

<p>Silicon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate molar mass of Na3PO4?

<p>118 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound has a molar mass of approximately 90?

<p>MnCl2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1?

<p>Gallium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle is the heaviest?

<p>Proton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an isotope of an element?

<p>Atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does sodium have?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the coefficients in a chemical equation indicate?

<p>The number of molecules involved in the reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of an s orbital?

<p>Spherical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the octet rule state?

<p>Atoms stabilize by having eight electrons in their outer shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is molar mass defined for an element?

<p>The mass of one mole of atoms of that element in grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a cation?

<p>Positive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of noble gases?

<p>They have full valence electron shells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group contains the most reactive non-metals?

<p>Halogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common property of transition metals?

<p>They are good conductors of electricity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does aluminum contain?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is bromine a diatomic element?

<p>Yes, it's found as Br2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stoichiometric coefficient of sodium in the balanced equation for the reaction of sodium and oxygen?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the balanced equation for the reaction of potassium and boron oxide, how many potassium atoms are involved?

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when phosphoric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?

<p>K₃PO₄ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of water are produced in the balanced equation for the reaction of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction of decane and oxygen, what is the total number of carbon dioxide molecules produced?

<p>20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many moles are there in 75 grams of LiF?

<p>2.88 moles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of 15 moles of CoCl₂ in grams?

<p>1947 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many atoms are in 180 grams of Mn₂N₃?

<p>7.131 x 10²³ atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams are equivalent to 6.98 x 10²⁵ atoms of Boron?

<p>1274.99 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake made in these calculations?

<p>Using the wrong atomic weight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a compound?

<p>Sodium Chloride (NaCl) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an element?

<p>Helium (He) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a molecule?

<p>Chlorine (Cl2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter is characterized by having a definite shape and volume?

<p>Solid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which state of matter do particles have the most freedom of movement and fill the entire volume of their container?

<p>Gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an isotope?

<p>Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an element?

<p>Subtract the number of protons from the mass number. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An element with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons is identified as which element?

<p>Carbon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different elements can you find in the compound H₂SO₄?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of atoms in the molecule C₂H₆O?

<p>9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for an observation, which can be tested through experimentation.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Compound

A substance formed when two or more different elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio.

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Physical Change

A change in the form or appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition.

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Atom

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

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What is mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Protons

The positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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What is an anion?

An atom that has gained one or more electrons, giving it a negative charge.

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Neutrons

The neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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What is a period on the periodic table?

A horizontal row on the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

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Electrons

The negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

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What is covalent bonding?

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

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What is decomposition reaction?

A chemical reaction involving the breaking down of a single compound into simpler substances.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines its identity.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons.

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Atomic Mass

The average mass of all the isotopes of an element, found on the periodic table.

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Average Atomic Mass

The weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

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Mass number

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus, representing its total mass.

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Alkali earth metals

Elements located in Group 2 of the periodic table, known for their reactivity and tendency to lose two electrons.

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Halogens

Elements in Group 17 of the periodic table, characterized by their high reactivity and tendency to gain one electron.

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Electron configuration

The arrangement of electrons within an atom's energy levels and sublevels.

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Short form electron configuration

A short form of electron configuration that uses the previous noble gas symbol to represent filled inner shells.

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Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

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Long form electron configuration

Describes the filling of electron orbitals according to increasing energy levels, using the Aufbau Principle, Hund's Rule, and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This method depicts the full distribution of electrons in every orbital.

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Molar mass calculation

The process of calculating the molar mass of a compound by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula.

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What are noble gases?

Elements in this group have a full outer shell of electrons, making them very unreactive.

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What are alkali metals?

These elements are highly reactive due to having only one valence electron, which they readily lose to form positive ions.

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What are halogens?

These elements are highly reactive due to having seven valence electrons, which they readily gain to form negative ions.

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What are valence electrons?

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which determine the element's reactivity.

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What are transition metals?

These metals are good conductors of electricity and heat, often have high melting points, and can form colorful compounds.

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Moles to grams Conversion

The process of converting a given mass of a substance to the equivalent number of moles. This involves using the molar mass of the substance as a conversion factor.

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Grams to moles Conversion

The process of converting a given number of moles of a substance to the equivalent mass in grams. This involves using the molar mass of the substance as a conversion factor.

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Atoms to grams Conversion

The process of converting a given mass of a substance to the equivalent number of atoms. This involves using the molar mass, Avogadro's number, and the chemical formula of the substance as conversion factors.

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Grams to atoms Conversion

The process of converting a given number of atoms of a substance to the equivalent mass in grams. This involves using the molar mass and Avogadro's number as conversion factors.

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What is a mole?

A mole is the standard unit of amount of substance in chemistry. It is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12.

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What is an element?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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What is a compound?

A substance formed when two or more different elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio.

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What is a molecule?

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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What is a gas?

The state of matter where particles have the most freedom of movement and fill the entire volume of their container.

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What is a solid?

The state of matter where particles are tightly packed and have a definite shape and volume.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

The process of adjusting the coefficients in a chemical equation to ensure the same number of atoms of each element appears on both sides of the equation.

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Chemical Equation

A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction, showing the reactants (starting substances) and products (substances formed). Coefficients indicate the relative number of molecules or moles of each reactant and product involved.

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Stoichiometric Coefficients

The numbers placed in front of chemical formulas in an equation to balance it. Coefficients represent the relative number of molecules or moles of each reactant and product involved in the reaction.

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Stoichiometry

The smallest whole number ratio of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation. It represents the simplest ratio of molecules or moles involved in the reaction.

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Balanced Chemical Equation

A chemical reaction where the number of atoms of each element on the reactants’ side equals the number of atoms of that element on the products’ side. The law of conservation of mass is followed.

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What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

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How to find the number of neutrons in an atom?

The process of determining the number of neutrons in an atom by subtracting the number of protons (atomic number) from the mass number.

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What is atomic number?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines its identity as a specific element.

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What is average atomic mass?

The average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element, found on the periodic table.

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