Podcast
Questions and Answers
An orbital can at most hold how many electrons?
An orbital can at most hold how many electrons?
2 electrons
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
2
What are the sublevels that make up the n=3 energy level?
What are the sublevels that make up the n=3 energy level?
s, p, d
How many orbitals are in a 'p' sublevel?
How many orbitals are in a 'p' sublevel?
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
Which scientist developed the Quantum Mechanical Model?
Which scientist developed the Quantum Mechanical Model?
How many electrons can the d sublevel hold?
How many electrons can the d sublevel hold?
What is the lowest energy state of an atom called?
What is the lowest energy state of an atom called?
How many electrons can the s sublevel hold?
How many electrons can the s sublevel hold?
What orbital shapes are found at the 2nd energy level?
What orbital shapes are found at the 2nd energy level?
What atom matches this electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10?
What atom matches this electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10?
What is the maximum number of electrons that an orbital can have?
What is the maximum number of electrons that an orbital can have?
What electron configuration matches an oxygen atom?
What electron configuration matches an oxygen atom?
What is the electron configuration for Bromine (Br)?
What is the electron configuration for Bromine (Br)?
What is the shorthand electron configuration for a sulfur atom?
What is the shorthand electron configuration for a sulfur atom?
Hund's rule states...
Hund's rule states...
Sublevel with a single orbital shaped like a sphere.
Sublevel with a single orbital shaped like a sphere.
When doing orbital diagrams, the large numbers (e.g. 1s, 2s) represent...
When doing orbital diagrams, the large numbers (e.g. 1s, 2s) represent...
Name the element represented by the electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1.
Name the element represented by the electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1.
How many electrons can a d sublevel hold?
How many electrons can a d sublevel hold?
Used the 'Cathode Ray Tube Experiment' to make his discovery.
Used the 'Cathode Ray Tube Experiment' to make his discovery.
How many electrons can fit in a 'p' sublevel?
How many electrons can fit in a 'p' sublevel?
Which is the electron configuration for an oxygen atom?
Which is the electron configuration for an oxygen atom?
What are the shapes of p orbitals?
What are the shapes of p orbitals?
The electron configuration of an atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6. The number of electrons in the atom is...
The electron configuration of an atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6. The number of electrons in the atom is...
How many electrons can an f sublevel hold?
How many electrons can an f sublevel hold?
What atom matches this electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2?
What atom matches this electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2?
Sublevel with a set of 3 dumbbell shaped orbitals.
Sublevel with a set of 3 dumbbell shaped orbitals.
How many electrons can an s sublevel hold?
How many electrons can an s sublevel hold?
What are the sublevels that make up the n=4 energy level?
What are the sublevels that make up the n=4 energy level?
Electrons occupy orbitals of lowest energy first is part of what electron configuration rule?
Electrons occupy orbitals of lowest energy first is part of what electron configuration rule?
λ is the symbol for which part of a wave?
λ is the symbol for which part of a wave?
The area of 3D space where an electron is likely to be found is called a(n)...
The area of 3D space where an electron is likely to be found is called a(n)...
ν is the symbol for which part of the wave?
ν is the symbol for which part of the wave?
The height of a wave is called...
The height of a wave is called...
According to the Aufbau Principle, which sublevel should start filling with electrons after 5s?
According to the Aufbau Principle, which sublevel should start filling with electrons after 5s?
Electron arrangement that uses arrows is called...
Electron arrangement that uses arrows is called...
Atoms that gain & lose electrons are called...
Atoms that gain & lose electrons are called...
What is the number of valence electrons for Carbon?
What is the number of valence electrons for Carbon?
This 'rule' of Quantum Chemistry states that no 2 electrons in an atom can be in the exact same state...
This 'rule' of Quantum Chemistry states that no 2 electrons in an atom can be in the exact same state...
Which of the following is a p block element?
Which of the following is a p block element?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Electron Configuration and Atomic Orbitals
- Maximum capacity of an orbital is 2 electrons.
- First energy level can hold 2 electrons.
- n=3 energy level consists of s, p, and d sublevels.
- p sublevel contains 3 orbitals, accommodating a total of 6 electrons.
- d sublevel can hold up to 10 electrons, with 5 orbitals present for electron distribution.
- f sublevel has a capacity of 14 electrons.
Principles Governing Electron Behavior
- Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons can occupy the same quantum state; at most 2 electrons can fit in one orbital with opposite spins.
- Hund's Rule: Electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly first, ensuring the same spin until all orbitals in the energy level contain one electron.
- Aufbau Principle: Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first.
Orbital Shapes and Energy Levels
- s sublevel has a spherical orbital shape, with 1 orbital available.
- p orbitals have a dumbbell shape, consisting of 3 orbitals in a sublevel.
- There are 4 sublevels in the n=4 energy level: s, p, d, and f.
Electron Configuration Examples
- Zinc: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰.
- Oxygen: 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
- Bromine: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵.
- Gallium: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p¹.
- Chlorine: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
- Aluminum: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹.
- Manganese: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵.
- Magnesium: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s².
Valence Electrons and Atomic Structure
- Group 16 elements possess 6 valence electrons.
- Carbon has 4 valence electrons.
- Atomic orbitals are regions in space where electrons are likely to be found.
Wave Properties
- Wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν) are fundamental wave characteristics; amplitude describes the wave's height.
- Electrons and their energy states are represented and visualized in orbital diagrams, which utilize arrows to denote electron arrangements.
Historical Contributions
- E. Schrödinger contributed to the development of quantum mechanics.
- J.J. Thomson utilized the Cathode Ray Tube Experiment to discover the electron.
Quantum Chemistry Principles
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to precisely know both the location and momentum of an electron simultaneously.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
