Chemistry Chapter 4 Homework Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a functional group?

A specific set of atoms arranged in a specific structure that will react chemically in a predictable way.

Classify the following molecule according to its functional group: Amine.

Amine

Which classes of organic compounds contain a hydroxyl (alcohol) functional group as part of their structure?

Alcohols and phenols.

Classify each of the following molecules according to their functional group.

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What are the major biomolecules present in a living system?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Signup and view all the answers

Classify each of the following compounds according to their functional group.

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Classify the biomolecules according to their functional groups.

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Identify the heteroatom-based functional groups attached to aspartame.

Amine, carboxylic acid, and hydroxyl functional groups. Signup and view all the answers

Classify the following biomolecules based on the functional group present in them.

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How can you identify compounds that are isomers?

By finding the longest carbon chain and examining the position of functional groups or substituents. Signup and view all the answers

Classify each pair of compounds as the same, structural isomers, or unrelated.

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Sort the structural and conformational isomers into their respective bins.

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Identify which of the following pairs of compounds are cis-trans isomers.

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Drag the labels to identify the parts of a fatty acid molecule.

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Classify the following fatty acids as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Study Notes

Functional Groups and Organic Compounds

A functional group consists of a specific arrangement of atoms that determine chemical reactivity.
Structures of functional groups can be recognized, aiding in identifying organic molecules.

Amine Classification

Amines are characterized by the presence of nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon chains.

Hydroxyl Functional Group

Organic compounds such as alcohols contain a hydroxyl functional group (−OH) as part of their structure.

Biomolecules and Functional Groups

Major biomolecules in living organisms include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, each having one or more functional groups.
Example: Threonine, an amino acid, features carboxyl (−COOH), amino (−NH2), and hydroxyl (−OH) groups.

Aspartame Composition

Aspartame, a synthetic sweetener derived from three amino acids, is beneficial for diabetic and calorie-conscious individuals.
It contains heteroatom-based functional groups linked to the amino acids.

Isomer Identification

To determine isomers, identify the longest carbon chain and the position of functional groups or substituents.
Compounds sharing group positions are identical; different positions indicate potential isomers or unrelated compounds.

Structural vs. Conformational Isomers

Isomers can be categorized into structural and conformational isomers based on their arrangement.

Cis-Trans Isomers

Certain compounds can be categorized as cis-trans isomers depending on the relative position of functional groups around a double bond.

Fatty Acids

Palmitic acid is a prevalent fatty acid in dairy and meat products.
Fatty acids can be classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated based on the presence of double bonds in their carbon chains.

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Description

These flashcards cover key concepts from Chemistry Chapter 4, focusing on functional groups in organic molecules. Each card provides definitions and examples to help reinforce your understanding of biochemical structures and classifications. Perfect for students looking to enhance their learning in organic chemistry.