Biochemistry Functional Groups Quiz

<p>To stabilize the structure of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fats, oils, and waxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation is the process of removing water to form a bond between monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down compounds by the addition of a water molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The empirical formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis, which serve as energy sources and structural components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carboxyl group acts as an acid by donating hydrogen ions (H+), making compounds carboxylic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen functions as an energy storage molecule in animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phosphate group consists of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms, holding a net charge of -2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydroxyl group, due to its polar covalent bond with oxygen, increases the solubility of organic molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates provide an accessible source of energy and contribute to dietary fiber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cysteine contains a sulfhydryl group that helps stabilize protein structure through disulfide bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton, while ketones have it in the middle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methyl groups can modify DNA or proteins, affecting gene expression and influencing hormone function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amino group acts as a base by picking up hydrogen ions (H+), which is vital for forming proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compounds with a methyl group are hydrophobic due to the non-polar nature of the methane molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thiols are distinguished by the presence of a sulfhydryl group (-SH) in their structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The partial negative charge on the carbonyl group's oxygen can form hydrogen bonds with water, enhancing hydrophilicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphate groups are crucial for transferring energy between organic molecules, especially in ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methyl groups provide hydrophobic characteristics, leading to non-polar covalent bonding in compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phosphate group contributes hydrophilic characteristics, allowing molecules to interact with water effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A methyl group consists of one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sulfhydryl group can form disulfide bonds, which are important for stabilizing protein structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphate groups are classified as anions due to their two negative charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldoses have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon backbone, while ketoses have it in the middle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond through a condensation reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maltose and sucrose are examples, significant as they serve as energy sources and transport forms in plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the formation reaction, two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide and a molecule of water is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis is the reversed reaction where disaccharides break down into monosaccharides, typically involving the addition of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the simplest carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactose, which is composed of glucose and galactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They differ in the location of the -OH group at the 4th carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(CH2O)n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starch, which serves as a storage form of energy in plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides are soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to determine their specific type, such as triose, tetrose, pentose, or hexose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactose is composed of glucose and galactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A glycosidic bond links monosaccharides to form disaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing sugars can reduce Cu2+ ions, while non-reducing sugars cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylose is a long straight chain of glucose, while amylopectin has branches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharides are made of many monosaccharides linked through condensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose serves as a structural component in the cell wall of plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen functions as an energy storage form of glucose in animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chitin is a polysaccharide consisting of modified glucose and is structured as long chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharides are generally not sweet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starch is composed of α-glucose, while cellulose is composed of β-glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers