Chemistry Chapter 2.3 - Acid and Base Strength
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following salts is considered neutral?

  • Copper sulphate
  • Sodium chloride
  • Sodium acetate (correct)
  • Sodium hydrogen carbonate

    • Sodium chloride is formed by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

    True

    What signifies that a salt is acidic?

    A low pH value when dissolved in water.

    Rock salt is mined like _____.

    <p>coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the salts with their corresponding pH category:

    <p>Sodium chloride = Neutral Copper sulphate = Acidic Sodium carbonate = Basic Zinc sulphate = Acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'p' in pH stand for?

    <p>Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solution with a pH of 8 is considered acidic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH value indicates a neutral solution?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the pH scale, a value of ______ indicates a very acidic solution.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pH ranges with their corresponding solution types:

    <p>0-6 = Acidic Solution 7 = Neutral Solution 8-14 = Basic Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate pH value of lemon juice?

    <p>2.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants can survive in a wide range of pH changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance does the stomach secrete to aid in digestion?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When rainwater has a pH less than 5.6, it is called _____ rain.

    <p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following substances to their approximate pH values:

    <p>Gastric juice = 1.2 Pure water = 7.4 Milk of magnesia = 10 Sodium hydroxide = 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pH value indicates a strong acid?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atmosphere of Venus is primarily composed of oxygen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about plants suited for regions with acidic soil?

    <p>Acid-tolerant plants would thrive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value of an acidic solution?

    <p>Less than 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nettle leaves secrete acetic acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What traditional remedy is often used for nettle stings?

    <p>Dock plant leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium chloride is commonly known as ______.

    <p>table salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following natural sources with their corresponding acids:

    <p>Vinegar = Acetic acid Orange = Citric acid Tomato = Oxalic acid Tamarind = Tartaric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason a farmer might treat soil with lime?

    <p>Neutralize acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All solutions, regardless of pH, contain H+(aq) ions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one use of sodium chloride.

    <p>Preserving food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acid responsible for ant stings is ______.

    <p>methanoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of salt is formed from the reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for sodium hydrogencarbonate?

    <p>NaHCO₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Baking soda can be used as an ingredient in antacids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary use of bleaching powder?

    <p>Bleaching textiles and paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction that occurs when baking soda is heated is represented as: $NaHCO_3 ightarrow ext{______} + H_2O + CO_2$.

    <p>$Na_2CO_3$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following compounds with their uses:

    <p>Baking Soda = Used in baking powder Bleaching Powder = Disinfectant agent Washing Soda = Recrystallization product of sodium carbonate Sodium bicarbonate = Neutralizes stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced at the anode during the chlor-alkali process?

    <p>Chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Baking soda can be used to neutralize stomach acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical is produced when sodium chloride undergoes electrolysis?

    <p>Sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bleaching powder is made by reacting chlorine with dry slaked ______.

    <p>lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chemicals with their main uses:

    <p>Sodium hydroxide = Water treatment and pharmaceuticals Baking soda = Baking and antacids Bleaching powder = Disinfectant and laundry bleach Washing soda = Laundry detergent and stain removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of baking soda?

    <p>Disinfecting water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washing soda is produced by heating sodium bicarbonate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is released at the cathode during the chlor-alkali process?

    <p>Hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to copper sulphate crystals when they are heated?

    <p>They turn white.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water of crystallization refers to water that is chemically bonded in the structure of some salts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many water molecules are present in one formula unit of hydrated copper sulphate?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chemical formula for Plaster of Paris is __________.

    <p>CaSO_4 ullet rac{1}{2}H_2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following salts with their corresponding characteristics:

    <p>Copper Sulphate = Contains five water molecules Gypsum = Contains two water molecules Washing Soda = Used for removing water hardness Plaster of Paris = Obtained from gypsum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a use of sodium carbonate (washing soda)?

    <p>Used as a cleansing agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Copper sulphate crystals appear blue due to the presence of water of crystallization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical reaction occurs when gypsum is heated to form Plaster of Paris?

    <p>Loss of water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the compound represented by CaOCl2?

    <p>Bleaching powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plaster of Paris is a hydrated form of gypsum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated?

    <p>It decomposes to form sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction between Plaster of Paris and water forms ______.

    <p>gypsum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following compounds with their uses:

    <p>Plaster of Paris = Used for making toys Gypsum = Used in construction Sodium carbonate = Used for softening hard water Bleaching powder = Used for whitening and disinfecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acid and Base Strength

    • Acid-base indicators, such as universal indicators, differentiate between acids and bases by changing color according to hydrogen ion concentration.
    • The pH scale ranges from 0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly alkaline), indicating a solution's acidity or basicity.
    • A neutral solution has a pH of 7; values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity.
    • The concentration of H+ ions decreases as pH increases, while OH- ion concentration rises.

    pH Measurement and Everyday Life

    • Natural substances can be tested for their pH, helping identify their acidic or basic nature.
    • Living organisms thrive in a narrow pH range of 7.0 to 7.8; significant deviations can harm life.
    • Acid rain occurs when rainwater has a pH of less than 5.6, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems.

    Importance of pH in Digestion

    • The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion; excess acid can lead to indigestion, treated with antacids.
    • Neutralizing agents effectively relieve discomfort caused by excess stomach acid.

    Salts and Their Properties

    • Salts form through the reaction between acids and bases, resulting in neutral products.
    • Sodium chloride is a common neutral salt produced from hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
    • Rock salt deposits originated from evaporated ancient seas and can contain impurities.

    Chemicals Derived from Common Salt

    • Sodium hydroxide is derived from sodium chloride through the chlor-alkali process, producing chlorine and caustic soda.
    • Baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is used in baking and as an antacid.
    • Bleaching powder is produced by reacting chlorine with slaked lime and is used for disinfection and bleaching.

    Special Uses of Salts

    • Washing soda (sodium carbonate) helps soften hard water and is widely used in laundry detergents.
    • Baking soda produces carbon dioxide when heated or in reaction with water, causing baked goods to rise.
    • Plaster of Paris is created by heating gypsum and is used for making casts and decorative items.

    Water of Crystallization

    • Many salts, such as copper sulfate, contain water molecules in their crystal structure, known as water of crystallization.
    • Heating hydrated salts removes this water, changing their appearance and characteristics temporarily.

    Questions and Understanding

    • Definitions and relationships between pH, the nature of acids and bases, and their production illustrate the core principles of acid-base chemistry.
    • Recognizing the importance of pH in daily life and biological systems is crucial for environmental and health sciences.

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    Description

    Explore the concepts of acid-base indicators and the quantitative measurement of H+ and OH- ions in solutions. This quiz helps in understanding how to determine the strength of acids and bases using universal indicators and dilution principles.

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