Acid and Base Practice Questions
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Questions and Answers

Is grapefruit juice an acid or base?

acid

Is vinegar an acid or base?

acid

Is baking soda an acid or base?

base

Is Coca-Cola an acid or base?

<p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is detergent an acid or base?

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is water an acid or base?

<p>neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bases sometimes called?

<p>alkalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you recognize acidic food?

<p>sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color will litmus turn when dipped in orange juice?

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color will phenolphthalein be in vinegar?

<p>colourless</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mary dipped a piece of red litmus paper into an unknown solution and it stayed red. From this observation, she concluded that the solution is an acid. Is she correct?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the acid produced by the stomach to help digest food.

<p>hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it wise to wear rubber gloves when handling drain cleaners?

<p>strong acids and bases can be corrosive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to say a substance dissociates in water?

<p>particles break into ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions?

<p>an acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution that has equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions?

<p>neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does a strong acid have more H+ ions in it than a weak acid?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of neutral solutions?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does a pH less than 7 indicate a base?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about a solution if phenolphthalein turns bright pink?

<p>the substance is a base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vinegar, orange juice, and cola examples of?

<p>weak acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the number of H+ ions is very high, what is the pH of this solution?

<p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pH of pure water is approximately...

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you find the pH of a solution by using litmus paper?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to find the exact pH of a solution?

<p>universal indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HF?

<p>hydrofluoric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

If I spilled some battery acid, what should I do?

<p>put baking soda on it</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do heartburn medications like Tums or Alka-Seltzer work?

<p>they neutralize the stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to say an acid neutralizes a base?

<p>they form neutral products</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products formed when nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

<p>sodium nitrate and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Will pouring vinegar on drain cleaner make it safe to wipe up?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the acids and bases needed to combine to make magnesium fluoride?

<p>magnesium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution that has an excess of hydroxide ions?

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the acid used in most car batteries.

<p>sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to HCl when it dissolves in water?

<p>it separates into ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sodium hydroxide dissolves in water?

<p>it separates into ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do weak bases dissociate almost completely in water?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lower the pH of a substance, the less dangerous it is?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HNO3?

<p>nitric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is H2SO4?

<p>sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HCl?

<p>hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is H2CrO4?

<p>chromic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is strontium nitrate formed from?

<p>strontium hydroxide and nitric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sodium bromide formed from?

<p>sodium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is potassium chloride formed from?

<p>potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sodium sulfate formed from?

<p>sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

As we move down the pH scale, does the concentration of H+ ions increase?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does a neutral solution have a greater concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is water capable of dissociating?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A base with a pH of 14 would have a greater concentration of OH- ions than a base with a pH of 10?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

One product formed from a reaction between HCl and NH4OH would be ammonium chloride?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is an acid with a pH of 6 stronger than an acid with a pH of 3?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do strong acids ionize almost completely in water?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common acids?

<p>acetic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common bases?

<p>sodium bicarbonate, soaps and detergents, oven cleaner, Drano, window cleaner, hair dye, antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are acids and bases usually?

<p>solutions, gases, liquids, aqueous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pH less than 7 indicate?

<p>acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pH greater than 7 indicate?

<p>basic or alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pH of 7 indicate?

<p>neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the acid found in orange juice.

<p>citric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the acid commonly known as vitamin C.

<p>ascorbic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water?

<p>it separates into ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acids and Bases Overview

  • Grapefruit juice and vinegar are acids, while baking soda and detergents are bases.
  • Water is considered neutral and does not exhibit acidic or basic properties.
  • Acids are often recognized for their sour taste, while bases can feel slippery.

Acid-Base Indicators

  • Litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions like orange juice.
  • Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic environments and bright pink in basic solutions.
  • Universal indicators can provide an exact pH value, unlike litmus paper, which only indicates a basic or acidic nature.

Chemical Properties

  • Stomach acid is primarily hydrochloric acid, aiding in digestion.
  • Strong acids and bases are corrosive and can damage skin.
  • Acids dissociate in water to release hydrogen ions (H+), while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-).

pH Scale

  • The pH of neutral solutions is 7, where the concentration of H+ equals OH- ions.
  • A solution with pH below 7 is acidic, while above 7 is basic.
  • A strong acid has a high concentration of H+ ions, while its strength is based on ion dissociation rather than quantity.

Neutralization Reactions

  • An acid neutralizes a base to produce neutral products like water and salts.
  • Common salts and their producing acid-base pairs include:
    • Sodium nitrate from nitric acid and sodium hydroxide.
    • Strontium nitrate from strontium hydroxide and nitric acid.

Acid-Base Reactions and Safety

  • Some drain cleaners, which are strong bases, can react with weak acids, like vinegar, to form neutral products, albeit not entirely safe without proper precautions.
  • Heartburn medications neutralize excess stomach acid, providing relief from discomfort.

Common Acids and Bases

  • Common acids include acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid (natural fruit acid), sulfuric acid (used in batteries), and hydrochloric acid (stomach acid).
  • Common bases include sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), soaps, detergents, and antacids.

Acid-Base Concepts

  • Acids with lower pH values are stronger than those with higher pH.
  • A strong acid practically dissociates completely in water to release ions.
  • When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, exhibiting both acid-base behaviors.

Notable Acids and Bases Formulae

  • Hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are key acids mentioned.
  • Bases include common hydroxides like sodium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide used for various reactions.

Practical Applications

  • The pH of pure water is approximately 7, serving as a benchmark for acidity and alkalinity in solutions.
  • Knowing the pH helps in identifying the nature of solutions, critical in various practical scenarios, including laboratory and everyday chemical uses.

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Description

Test your knowledge on acids and bases with these flashcards. This quiz features common substances like grapefruit juice, vinegar, and baking soda, challenging you to identify whether they are acids, bases, or neutral. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemistry concepts.

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