Questions and Answers
Is grapefruit juice an acid or base?
acid
Is vinegar an acid or base?
acid
Is baking soda an acid or base?
base
Is Coca-Cola an acid or base?
Signup and view all the answers
Is detergent an acid or base?
Signup and view all the answers
Is water an acid or base?
Signup and view all the answers
What are bases sometimes called?
Signup and view all the answers
How can you recognize acidic food?
Signup and view all the answers
What color will litmus turn when dipped in orange juice?
Signup and view all the answers
What color will phenolphthalein be in vinegar?
Signup and view all the answers
Mary dipped a piece of red litmus paper into an unknown solution and it stayed red. From this observation, she concluded that the solution is an acid. Is she correct?
Signup and view all the answers
Name the acid produced by the stomach to help digest food.
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it wise to wear rubber gloves when handling drain cleaners?
Signup and view all the answers
What does it mean to say a substance dissociates in water?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a solution that has equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions?
Signup and view all the answers
Does a strong acid have more H+ ions in it than a weak acid?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the pH of neutral solutions?
Signup and view all the answers
Does a pH less than 7 indicate a base?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be concluded about a solution if phenolphthalein turns bright pink?
Signup and view all the answers
What are vinegar, orange juice, and cola examples of?
Signup and view all the answers
If the number of H+ ions is very high, what is the pH of this solution?
Signup and view all the answers
The pH of pure water is approximately...
Signup and view all the answers
Can you find the pH of a solution by using litmus paper?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be used to find the exact pH of a solution?
Signup and view all the answers
What is HF?
Signup and view all the answers
If I spilled some battery acid, what should I do?
Signup and view all the answers
How do heartburn medications like Tums or Alka-Seltzer work?
Signup and view all the answers
What does it mean to say an acid neutralizes a base?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the products formed when nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
Signup and view all the answers
Will pouring vinegar on drain cleaner make it safe to wipe up?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the acids and bases needed to combine to make magnesium fluoride?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a solution that has an excess of hydroxide ions?
Signup and view all the answers
Name the acid used in most car batteries.
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to HCl when it dissolves in water?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when sodium hydroxide dissolves in water?
Signup and view all the answers
Do weak bases dissociate almost completely in water?
Signup and view all the answers
The lower the pH of a substance, the less dangerous it is?
Signup and view all the answers
What is HNO3?
Signup and view all the answers
What is H2SO4?
Signup and view all the answers
What is HCl?
Signup and view all the answers
What is H2CrO4?
Signup and view all the answers
What is strontium nitrate formed from?
Signup and view all the answers
What is sodium bromide formed from?
Signup and view all the answers
What is potassium chloride formed from?
Signup and view all the answers
What is sodium sulfate formed from?
Signup and view all the answers
As we move down the pH scale, does the concentration of H+ ions increase?
Signup and view all the answers
Does a neutral solution have a greater concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions?
Signup and view all the answers
Is water capable of dissociating?
Signup and view all the answers
A base with a pH of 14 would have a greater concentration of OH- ions than a base with a pH of 10?
Signup and view all the answers
One product formed from a reaction between HCl and NH4OH would be ammonium chloride?
Signup and view all the answers
Is an acid with a pH of 6 stronger than an acid with a pH of 3?
Signup and view all the answers
Do strong acids ionize almost completely in water?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some common acids?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some common bases?
Signup and view all the answers
What are acids and bases usually?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a pH less than 7 indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a pH greater than 7 indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a pH of 7 indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Name the acid found in orange juice.
Signup and view all the answers
Name the acid commonly known as vitamin C.
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Acids and Bases Overview
- Grapefruit juice and vinegar are acids, while baking soda and detergents are bases.
- Water is considered neutral and does not exhibit acidic or basic properties.
- Acids are often recognized for their sour taste, while bases can feel slippery.
Acid-Base Indicators
- Litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions like orange juice.
- Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic environments and bright pink in basic solutions.
- Universal indicators can provide an exact pH value, unlike litmus paper, which only indicates a basic or acidic nature.
Chemical Properties
- Stomach acid is primarily hydrochloric acid, aiding in digestion.
- Strong acids and bases are corrosive and can damage skin.
- Acids dissociate in water to release hydrogen ions (H+), while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-).
pH Scale
- The pH of neutral solutions is 7, where the concentration of H+ equals OH- ions.
- A solution with pH below 7 is acidic, while above 7 is basic.
- A strong acid has a high concentration of H+ ions, while its strength is based on ion dissociation rather than quantity.
Neutralization Reactions
- An acid neutralizes a base to produce neutral products like water and salts.
- Common salts and their producing acid-base pairs include:
- Sodium nitrate from nitric acid and sodium hydroxide.
- Strontium nitrate from strontium hydroxide and nitric acid.
Acid-Base Reactions and Safety
- Some drain cleaners, which are strong bases, can react with weak acids, like vinegar, to form neutral products, albeit not entirely safe without proper precautions.
- Heartburn medications neutralize excess stomach acid, providing relief from discomfort.
Common Acids and Bases
- Common acids include acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid (natural fruit acid), sulfuric acid (used in batteries), and hydrochloric acid (stomach acid).
- Common bases include sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), soaps, detergents, and antacids.
Acid-Base Concepts
- Acids with lower pH values are stronger than those with higher pH.
- A strong acid practically dissociates completely in water to release ions.
- When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, exhibiting both acid-base behaviors.
Notable Acids and Bases Formulae
- Hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are key acids mentioned.
- Bases include common hydroxides like sodium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide used for various reactions.
Practical Applications
- The pH of pure water is approximately 7, serving as a benchmark for acidity and alkalinity in solutions.
- Knowing the pH helps in identifying the nature of solutions, critical in various practical scenarios, including laboratory and everyday chemical uses.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on acids and bases with these flashcards. This quiz features common substances like grapefruit juice, vinegar, and baking soda, challenging you to identify whether they are acids, bases, or neutral. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemistry concepts.
