Chemistry Chapter 2.1 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is every single thing made of?

atoms

What is an atom?

The smallest basic unit of matter

Atoms consist of three types of smaller particles: __________.

protons, neutrons, electrons

What kind of charge do protons have?

positive electric charge Signup and view all the answers

What kind of charge do electrons have?

negative electric charge Signup and view all the answers

What kind of charge do neutrons have?

no charge Signup and view all the answers

What do protons and neutrons form?

nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is one particular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means?

element Signup and view all the answers

All atoms of a given element have a specific number of ______________.

protons Signup and view all the answers

The electrons in the atoms of each element determine the _________________ of that element.

properties Signup and view all the answers

Electrons move around the nucleus in regions called?

energy levels Signup and view all the answers

Atoms are most stable when they have a?

full valence ring Signup and view all the answers

Which elements make up the 96% of the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

Trace elements are required to _______________.

survive Signup and view all the answers

Why is iron needed in the human body?

It is needed to transport oxygen to your blood Signup and view all the answers

Why is chromium needed in the human body?

It is needed for your cells to break down sugars for usable energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

It is a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Signup and view all the answers

Water and Carbon dioxide are examples of __________________.

compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between elements and compounds?

Elements cannot be broken down into simpler means while compounds can be broken down into simpler means Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons Signup and view all the answers

Why do ions form?

An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full. Signup and view all the answers

When does an atom become an ion?

An atom becomes an ion when its number of electrons changes and it gains an electrical charge. Signup and view all the answers

The type of ion that forms depends on the number of electrons in an atom's __________________________________.

outer energy level Signup and view all the answers

An atom with few electrons in its outer energy level tends _________________

to lose those electrons Signup and view all the answers

An atom that loses one or more electrons becomes a __________________________________.

positively charged ion because it has more protons than electrons Signup and view all the answers

An atom with a nearly full outer energy level tends __________________________.

gain electrons Signup and view all the answers

An atom that gains one or more electrons becomes a _________________________.

negatively charged ion because it has more electrons than protons. Signup and view all the answers

When do ions form?

Ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

The attractive force between oppositely charged ions Signup and view all the answers

How do ionic bonds form?

It forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent bond?

A bond formed when electrons share one or more pairs of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

How do covalent bonds form?

When atoms share a pair of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atoms and Basic Units of Matter

Everything is composed of atoms, the smallest units of matter.
Atoms consist of three smaller particles: protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge).

Atomic Structure

Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of an atom.
Each element is defined by a specific number of protons.
The properties of an element are determined by its electron configuration.
Electrons orbit the nucleus in defined energy levels, and atoms are most stable with a full valence shell.

Elements and Compounds

Common elements that make up 96% of the human body include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Trace elements, such as iron and chromium, are essential for survival and biological functions.
Compounds are substances made from atoms of different elements bonded in specific ratios; examples include water and carbon dioxide.
Elements cannot be broken down further while compounds can.

Ions and Their Formation

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charged particle.
Ions form for stability, often when an outer energy level is incomplete.
Atoms with few outer electrons tend to lose them, becoming positively charged ions (cations).
Atoms with nearly full outer energy levels tend to gain electrons, becoming negatively charged ions (anions).

Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Ionic bonds form through the attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically after electron transfer.
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share pairs of electrons, creating molecules, which are two or more atoms chemically bonded.

Key Definitions

Atom: Smallest basic unit of matter.
Element: A pure substance consisting of one type of atom.
Compound: A substance made of different elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Ion: An atom with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Molecule: Two or more atoms bonded by covalent bonds.

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Description

This quiz consists of flashcards focusing on the fundamental concepts of atoms, ions, and molecules. Test your knowledge on the basic units of matter and the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Perfect for review or study sessions in chemistry.