Atoms: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Quiz

Questions and Answers

What are the 3 parts of an atom?

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

How are the 3 parts of an atom arranged?

Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons are formed around the nucleus

What is the atomic number for carbon?

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does carbon have?

Protons: 6, Electrons: 6, Neutrons: 6 Signup and view all the answers

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does Carbon-14 have?

Protons: 6, Electrons: 6, Neutrons: 8 Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical compound?

A chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements. Signup and view all the answers

How does a covalent bond form?

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share their valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

How does an ionic bond form?

Ionic bonds are formed when an atom loses an electron and becomes a positive ion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?

Covalent is when an electron is shared; an ionic bond is when an atom gives away or takes an electron. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Van der Waal force?

A force when electrons gather on one side causing slight positive and negative charges. Signup and view all the answers

Why are water molecules polar?

Water is polar due to its shape, having one side negatively charged and one side positively charged. Signup and view all the answers

If sugar dissolves in water, what is the solute? What is the solvent?

Table sugar is the solute; water is the solvent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of a basic solution?

8.5 - 14 Signup and view all the answers

What is a valence electron?

Electrons on the outermost shell of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbon important to life?

Carbon can form complex molecules and bonds with various elements. Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers for the 4 macromolecules?

Monosaccharides, Glycerol, Fatty acids, Nucleotides, and Amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of biological macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Name a structural carbohydrate.

Cellulose and Chitin. Signup and view all the answers

Name a storage carbohydrate.

Starch and Glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a peptide bond and a polypeptide?

A peptide bond is between two amino acids; a polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

Name four functions of proteins.

Antibody, Messenger, Enzymes, Transport. Signup and view all the answers

What are two characteristics of hydrophilic compounds?

Dissolve well in water; ionic or polar molecules dissolve well in water. Signup and view all the answers

Would a hydrophilic compound be miscible with vegetable oil? Explain.

No, hydrophilic compounds do not mix with vegetable oil. Signup and view all the answers

Name four important functions of lipids.

Store energy, insulation, temperature regulation, membrane structure. Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of a fat molecule?

1 Glycerol and 3 Fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA & RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What are two functions of nucleic acids?

Make up genetic information and coding for protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps to the scientific method (in order)?

<ol> <li>Making observations 2. Questions and inferences 3. Hypothesis 4. Performing a controlled experiment 5. Analysis of data 6. Conclusion 7. Sources of error.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atom Structure

Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus; electrons are located in orbitals around the nucleus.

Carbon Atom Details

Carbon has an atomic number of 6, indicating it has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and typically 6 neutrons.
Isotope Carbon-14 has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 8 neutrons.

Chemical Compounds

Chemical compounds are substances made of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.

Bond Formation

Covalent Bonds: Formed by the sharing of valence electrons between atoms, leading to stable molecule formation.
Ionic Bonds: Occur when an atom loses an electron, resulting in a positive cation, while another atom gains the electron.

Bond Comparisons

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

Intermolecular Forces

Van der Waals Forces: Result from temporary distributions of electrons, causing slight positive and negative charge imbalances, leading to attractions and repulsions between molecules.

Water Molecule Polarity

Water is polar due to its molecular shape, with one side having a negative charge and the opposite side having a positive charge.

Solution Components

In a solution where sugar dissolves in water, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.

Solution pH

Basic solutions have a pH range of 8.5 to 14 and contain more hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+).

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom.

Importance of Carbon

Carbon is critical for life as it forms complex molecules with elements like oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, making it versatile due to its 4 available valence electrons.

Macromolecule Monomers

Monomers of macromolecules include monosaccharides for carbohydrates, glycerol and fatty acids for lipids, nucleotides for nucleic acids, and amino acids for proteins.

Biological Macromolecules

Carbohydrates: Composed of monosaccharides.
Lipids: Made up of glycerol and fatty acids.
Nucleic Acids: Consist of nucleotides.
Proteins: Formed by amino acids.

Carbohydrates

Structural Carbohydrates: Examples include cellulose and chitin.
Storage Carbohydrates: Include starch and glycogen.

Peptide Bonds

A peptide bond links two amino acids, while a polypeptide is a longer chain of multiple amino acids.

Protein Functions

Proteins serve various roles: as antibodies to protect against viruses, messengers for signal transmission like hormones, enzymes for facilitating reactions, and transporters for substances.

Hydrophilic Compounds

Characteristics include being soluble in water and typically consist of ionic or polar molecules.

Hydrophilic and Oil Interaction

Hydrophilic compounds do not mix with vegetable oil since they dissolve in water but not in non-polar solutions like oil.

Lipid Functions

Lipids store more energy than carbohydrates, consist of one glycerol and three fatty acids, provide insulation, and regulate temperature.

Fat Molecule Composition

A fat molecule is structured from one glycerol and three fatty acids.

Nucleic Acids

The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA, critical for genetic information and protein synthesis.

Scientific Method Steps

Steps include: making observations, formulating questions, hypothesis development, conducting controlled experiments, data analysis, conclusion drawing, and identifying sources of error.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the three primary components of an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons. This quiz includes flashcards that cover their arrangement in the nucleus and details about isotopes like carbon-14. Engage with key concepts crucial for understanding atomic structure.