Podcast
Questions and Answers
What describes the movement of particles in a solid?
What describes the movement of particles in a solid?
Liquid has a definite shape and definite volume.
Liquid has a definite shape and definite volume.
False
What is the process called when a gas changes into a liquid?
What is the process called when a gas changes into a liquid?
Condensation
The phase change from solid to gas is called _____
The phase change from solid to gas is called _____
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Match each phase change with its corresponding description:
Match each phase change with its corresponding description:
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What is the maximum number of questions on the first exam?
What is the maximum number of questions on the first exam?
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Students are allowed to eat or drink in the lab during experiments.
Students are allowed to eat or drink in the lab during experiments.
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What should you do immediately after a spill occurs in the lab?
What should you do immediately after a spill occurs in the lab?
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Match the following lab safety rules with their description:
Match the following lab safety rules with their description:
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How many total valence electrons are present in the HCl compound?
How many total valence electrons are present in the HCl compound?
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Dashes in a Lewis Structure represent single valence electrons.
Dashes in a Lewis Structure represent single valence electrons.
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What is the total number of valence electrons in an oxygen molecule (O2)?
What is the total number of valence electrons in an oxygen molecule (O2)?
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To fulfill the octet rule, an atom must have _____ valence electrons.
To fulfill the octet rule, an atom must have _____ valence electrons.
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Match the following compounds with their total valence electrons:
Match the following compounds with their total valence electrons:
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Which of the following prefixes represents a factor of one thousand?
Which of the following prefixes represents a factor of one thousand?
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The unit 'grams' is commonly used in physics.
The unit 'grams' is commonly used in physics.
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What is the term for the bottom curve of a liquid in a graduated cylinder that should be used for measuring volume?
What is the term for the bottom curve of a liquid in a graduated cylinder that should be used for measuring volume?
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A substance with a greater density than water will __________.
A substance with a greater density than water will __________.
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Match the separation technique with its description:
Match the separation technique with its description:
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four classifications of matter?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four classifications of matter?
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A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout is known as a heterogeneous mixture.
A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout is known as a heterogeneous mixture.
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What is Archimedes' principle used for?
What is Archimedes' principle used for?
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A __________ is the part of a solution that gets dissolved.
A __________ is the part of a solution that gets dissolved.
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Which of the following is an example of a diatomic molecule?
Which of the following is an example of a diatomic molecule?
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Which of the following is the correct suffix change for nonmetals in binary compounds?
Which of the following is the correct suffix change for nonmetals in binary compounds?
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In covalent bonding, the prefix 'mono-' can be used for the first element.
In covalent bonding, the prefix 'mono-' can be used for the first element.
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What step is used to indicate the charge of a transition metal when naming Type II binary compounds?
What step is used to indicate the charge of a transition metal when naming Type II binary compounds?
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In a Lewis structure, each _______ represents 2 valence electrons being shared.
In a Lewis structure, each _______ represents 2 valence electrons being shared.
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Which of the following prefixes represents four atoms in a covalent compound?
Which of the following prefixes represents four atoms in a covalent compound?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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List one rule for counting significant figures.
List one rule for counting significant figures.
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In significant figures, zeros located between non-zero digits are ______.
In significant figures, zeros located between non-zero digits are ______.
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Which of the following indicates a chemical change?
Which of the following indicates a chemical change?
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Electrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
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What is the charge of a cation?
What is the charge of a cation?
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The chemical family of elements in Group 2 is called the ________.
The chemical family of elements in Group 2 is called the ________.
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Which period on the periodic table defines the energy level of valence electrons?
Which period on the periodic table defines the energy level of valence electrons?
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Increases in atomic radius occur from left to right in a period.
Increases in atomic radius occur from left to right in a period.
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Name the two types of ions.
Name the two types of ions.
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Elements in Group 17 are known as ________.
Elements in Group 17 are known as ________.
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Which of these elements has the largest ionization energy?
Which of these elements has the largest ionization energy?
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All elements in Group 18 do not form a charge because they have a full valence shell.
All elements in Group 18 do not form a charge because they have a full valence shell.
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What shape does an S orbital have?
What shape does an S orbital have?
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The ________ principle states that atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group.
The ________ principle states that atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group.
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Match the following groups with their corresponding family names:
Match the following groups with their corresponding family names:
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Study Notes
Pre-Comprehensive Study Guide Directions
- Print name and element on the page.
- Pre-Comprehensive Periodic Table is in the packet.
- Scientific calculator and periodic table allowed during the exam. Ensure familiarity with calculator and table use.
- Study guide divided into two sections: Key Topics to Review (pages 3-10) and Practice Problems (pages 11-25).
- Key Topics is a review of major points from class notes; more in-depth review of notes recommended for confidence.
- Practice Problems provide examples of potential pre-comp exam questions.
Helpful Reminders
- Read entire study guide before beginning work.
- Prioritize studying weakest topics (allocate ~20 minutes nightly).
- Attend study sessions for questions.
- Annotate the guide (highlighting important concepts, noting points for review in notes).
- Utilize previous worksheets, tests, and Do Now assignments.
Lab Safety Rules and Key Topics to Review
- Read lab assignments and perform pre-lab assignments before the experiment.
- Be aware of potential risks (e.g., flammability, toxicity).
- Maintain a clean and clear work area.
- Carefully handle glassware and heating sources.
- No horseplay to avoid accidents.
- Do not eat or drink in the lab.
- Inform teacher of spills or breakages immediately.
- Never dispose of chemicals down the sink without specific instruction.
- Chemical exposure prevention involves three pathways: absorption, ingestion, and inhalation. Methods to mitigate chemical exposure include: wearing protective eyewear, avoiding contact lenses in lab, wearing closed-toe shoes, tying back hair, wearing gloves, and wearing long sleeves/pants.
- Be able to identify Globally Harmonized Safety (GHS) Symbols.
Key Topics to Review (cont'd)
- National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Labels: Understand the meaning of the colors on NFPA labels (blue - health hazard, yellow - reactivity, red - flammability, white - special warning). Know the meaning of COR and W in NFPA labels. Learn what each number on the label means in terms of hazard levels.
- Emergency Equipment: Be familiar with the functions and circumstances of using fire extinguishers, fire blankets, fire alarms, gas shutoffs, safety showers, fume hoods, and eyewash stations.
- Lab Tools: Know the purpose and identification of various lab tools (mass balance, graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, beaker, test tube, volumetric flask, Bunsen burner, hot plate, watch glass, pipette, funnel, thermometer).
- Unit Conversions: Be able to convert units involving prefixes (e.g., kilo-, deca-, milli-) to base units and vice versa. Also, conversion between different prefixed units.
SI Units and Chemistry Units
- Know SI units (kilogram, meters, meters cubed, seconds, Kelvin).
- Know common chemistry units (grams, milliliters, centimeters cubed, Kelvin, Celsius).
Accuracy vs. Precision
- Accuracy: hits the mark even if not consistent
- Precision: shows consistency but isn't necessarily accurate
Measuring Volume Precisely
- Understand how to measure volumes using lab tools and the concept of the meniscus.
Density
- Understand the relationship between mass, volume, and density.
- Calculating density from two of the three variables correctly.
- Identifying the substance with greater/lesser density will sink/float.
Archimedes Principle & Displacement
- Calculate the volume, density, or mass of an object using Archimedes Principle (Vobject = Vfinal – Vinitial).
Classifying Matter
- Classifying substances (element, compound, heterogeneous/homogeneous mixture).
- Identifying different parts of mixtures: solute, solvent
- Understanding compounds and mixtures
- Separation techniques (filtration, evaporation, chromatography, decantation).
States of Matter
- Compare and contrast solids, liquids, and gases in terms of energy, movement, shape, and volume.
- Identify the states of matter using diagrams.
- Understand phase changes.
Physical vs. Chemical Changes
- Identify physical (extensive/intensive properties, phase change) and chemical changes.
Atomic Structure
- Understand the properties of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes).
- Understand how to calculate mass, valence electrons and charge of atoms.
- Classifying metals, nonmetals, metalloids in the periodic table.
- Understand periodic trends related to rows (periods) and columns (groups) of elements.
- Understand nuclear notation for representing elements, isotopes, and ions.
Families of the Periodic Table
- Identify elements in Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases families.
- Identify Metalloids (families including B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and Po).
- Predict the properties of elements, based on their location in the table.
Electronic Configuration of Atoms
- Identify the number of valence electrons in an atom.
- Define the most likely charge that an element's ion will assume.
- Determine whether the ion will be a cation or anion.
- Write standard and shorthand notation electron configuration of elements (e.g. standard notation CI: 1s22s22p63s²3p5 and shorthand notation CI: [Ne]3s23p5).
Ionic Bonding
- Naming and writing the chemical formulas of ionic compounds.
Covalent Bonding
- Naming and writing the chemical formulas of covalent compounds.
Lewis Structures
- Draw Lewis dot structures for elements/compounds using correct configurations.
Unit 1: Laboratory Safety, Measurement, and Significant Figures
- Identifying hazards / Lab safety.
- Precision in measuring using lab equipment.
- Calculating using significant figures.
Unit 2 & 3: Types, Properties, and States of Matter
- Classifying matter (solids, liquids, gases).
- Distinguishing properties of states of matter.
- Understanding different types of matter (pure substances, mixtures, elements, compounds).
Unit 4: The Periodic Table
- Identifying and filling in characteristics of different elements.
Unit 5: Chemical Bonding
- Identifying types of bonds (ionic, covalent), and chemical formulas.
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Description
Test your knowledge of particle behavior in solids, and explore phase changes between different states of matter. This quiz also challenges you on valence electrons and lab safety rules, ensuring a comprehensive review of chemistry concepts.
