Chemistry Chapter 2: Properties of Matter
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Questions and Answers

What are two properties used to describe matter?

Intensive and extensive

What is anything that has mass and takes up space?

Matter

What is the measure of the amount of matter an object contains?

Mass

What is the measure of the space occupied by an object?

<p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mass and volume examples of?

<p>Extensive properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an extensive property?

<p>A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dose hardness is an example of?

<p>Intensive property</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an intensive property?

<p>A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is matter that has a uniform and definite composition called?

<p>Substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are gold and copper examples of?

<p>Pure substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three physical properties of copper?

<p>Maleable, conductor, color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical property?

<p>A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three states of matter?

<p>Solid, liquid, gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solid?

<p>A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a liquid?

<p>A form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, and yet has a fixed volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What doesn't change as a liquid's shape changes?

<p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can take the shape of their containers?

<p>Liquid, gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a gas?

<p>A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature?

<p>Vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are melting, boiling, breaking, and freezing examples of?

<p>Physical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physical changes can be classified as either?

<p>Reversible, irreversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a reversible change?

<p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an irreversible change?

<p>Cracking an egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

<p>A physical blend of two or more components</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mixtures be classified?

<p>Homogeneous, heterogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>A mixture where the composition is not uniform throughout</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

<p>A mixture where the composition is uniform throughout</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?

<p>Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties?

<p>Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can differences in physical properties be used to do?

<p>Separate mixtures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture called?

<p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is distillation?

<p>The process that separates a liquid from a solid or another liquid based on differences in boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can substances be classified?

<p>Elements, compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

<p>The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

<p>A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means?

<p>Compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical change?

<p>A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the composition of a material is fixed, then the material is a?

<p>Substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the composition of a material varies, then the material is a?

<p>Mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chemists use to represent elements and chemical formulas to represent?

<p>Chemical symbols, compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the system of chemical symbols?

<p>Jons Jacob Berzelius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What always changes during a chemical change?

<p>The composition of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a chemical change?

<p>Chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a substance present at the start of the reaction?

<p>Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a substance that is produced in the reaction?

<p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture?

<p>Precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the mass of the products and reactants in a chemical reaction?

<p>They are equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved?

<p>The law of conservation of mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Properties of Matter

  • Two properties used to describe matter are intensive and extensive.
  • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
  • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter an object contains.
  • Volume is a measure of the space occupied by an object.
  • Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties.
  • Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter in a sample.
  • Hardness is an example of an intensive property, which depends on the type of matter in a sample.

Substances and Mixtures

  • A substance is a type of matter that has a uniform and definite composition.
  • Gold and copper are examples of pure substances.
  • A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition.
  • Copper has physical properties such as being maleable, a conductor, and having a certain color.

States of Matter

  • Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
  • A solid has a definite shape and volume.
  • A liquid has an indefinite shape, flows, and has a fixed volume.
  • A gas takes the shape and volume of its container.
  • The volume of a liquid does not change as its shape changes.
  • Liquids and gases can take the shape of their containers.

Physical Changes

  • Melting, boiling, breaking, and freezing are examples of physical changes.
  • Physical changes can be classified as either reversible or irreversible.
  • Melting is an example of a reversible change.
  • Cracking an egg is an example of an irreversible change.

Mixtures

  • A mixture is a physical blend of two or more components.
  • Mixtures can be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
  • A heterogeneous mixture is when the composition is not uniform throughout.
  • A homogeneous mixture is when the composition is uniform throughout.
  • Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution.
  • The term phase is used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties.

Separating Mixtures

  • Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.
  • Filtration is a process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.
  • Distillation is a process that separates a liquid from a mixture based on differences in boiling points.

Elements and Compounds

  • Substances can be classified as elements or compounds.
  • An element is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties.
  • A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
  • Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot.
  • Chemical symbols are used to represent elements, and chemical formulas are used to represent compounds.

Chemical Changes

  • A chemical change is a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.
  • If the composition of a material is fixed, then the material is a substance.
  • If the composition of a material varies, the material is a mixture.
  • Chemists use chemical symbols to represent elements and chemical formulas to represent compounds.
  • The law of conservation of mass states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved, it is neither created nor destroyed.

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Review key terms and concepts related to matter, including its properties and characteristics. Test your understanding of intensive and extensive properties, mass, and volume.

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