30 Questions
What is a characteristic of gases that distinguishes them from liquids and solids?
Gases expand spontaneously to fill their containers
Which of the following is a characteristic of gases related to their compressibility?
Gases are highly compressible
What is pressure in terms of gases?
The force acting on an object per unit area
Which property allows gases to diffuse and mix rapidly with other gases in the same container?
Low densities of gases
What can different gases in a mixture do in a container?
Mix rapidly with each other
Why do real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressure or low temperature according to the text?
Because intermolecular attractions and molecular volumes play a role
In the Ideal-Gas Equation, what is the relationship between volume, number of moles, temperature, and pressure?
V = R nT P
According to Avogadro’s Law, how is the volume of a gas related to the number of moles of the gas?
V = constant n
For an ideal gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure), what are the conditions in terms of temperature and pressure?
273.15 K and 1 atm
What happens to the volume of a gas as its pressure decreases according to Boyle's law?
V 1/P
If a gas has no volume and its particles are not attracted or repelled by each other, what type of gas is it?
Ideal gas
What is the relationship between volume and temperature for a gas according to Charles's law?
$V = constant \times T$
What is the relationship between the average kinetic energy of gas particles and their Kelvin temperature?
Directly proportional
In the ideal gas equation, what happens when both sides are divided by volume (V) and by temperature (T)?
nPV = RT
How can the density equation be manipulated to find the molecular mass of a gas?
M = dP/RT
What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?
Total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of individual pressures
In a stoichiometry problem, what does the stoichiometric factor represent?
Number of particles involved in a reaction
What is the relationship between moles, molar mass, and mass in the ideal gas equation?
$n\times molarmass = mass$
What does the kinetic-molecular theory state about gases?
The volume of gas molecules is significant compared to the total volume of gas
How can the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture be related to the total pressure?
$P_{ ext{gas}} = X_{ ext{gas}} P_{ ext{total}}$
When collecting a gas over water, why is it necessary to subtract the vapor pressure of water from the total pressure?
To find only the pressure of the desired gas
In a gas mixture, what does partial pressure represent?
The pressure exerted by each individual gas in the mixture
What does Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 represent in relation to partial pressures?
The sum of the partial pressures of all gases present
When a gas is compressed at constant temperature, what happens to its pressure?
The pressure increases
What remains constant when volume increases at constant temperature?
Average kinetic energy
What happens to pressure when volume increases at constant temperature?
Decreases
What happens to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules when temperature increases at constant volume?
Increases
How does an increase in volume affect the velocity of gas molecules?
Remains constant
What type of collisions occur between gas molecules and the container walls?
Perfectly elastic
Which speed is associated with the average kinetic energy of gas molecules?
$u_{rms}$ (root-mean-square speed)
Test your knowledge on calculating pressure, volume, number of moles, temperature, density, molecular weight, and gas volume in chemical reactions using ideal gas equation and gas laws. Practice converting pressure units and determining total pressure in gas mixtures.
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