Chemistry Chapter 10: Gases Calculations

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What is a characteristic of gases that distinguishes them from liquids and solids?

Gases have definite shape

Gases are not compressible

Gases have high densities

Gases expand spontaneously to fill their containers (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of gases related to their compressibility?

Gases are highly compressible (correct)

Gases cannot be compressed

Gases have extremely low densities

Gases have definite shape

What is pressure in terms of gases?

The force acting on an object per unit area (correct)

The volume occupied by a gas

The mass of a gas molecule

The force acting on an object at low temperature

Which property allows gases to diffuse and mix rapidly with other gases in the same container?

Low densities of gases Signup and view all the answers

What can different gases in a mixture do in a container?

Mix rapidly with each other Signup and view all the answers

Why do real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressure or low temperature according to the text?

Because intermolecular attractions and molecular volumes play a role Signup and view all the answers

In the Ideal-Gas Equation, what is the relationship between volume, number of moles, temperature, and pressure?

V = R nT P Signup and view all the answers

According to Avogadro’s Law, how is the volume of a gas related to the number of moles of the gas?

V = constant  n Signup and view all the answers

For an ideal gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure), what are the conditions in terms of temperature and pressure?

273.15 K and 1 atm Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of a gas as its pressure decreases according to Boyle's law?

V  1/P Signup and view all the answers

If a gas has no volume and its particles are not attracted or repelled by each other, what type of gas is it?

Ideal gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between volume and temperature for a gas according to Charles's law?

$V = constant \times T$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the average kinetic energy of gas particles and their Kelvin temperature?

Directly proportional Signup and view all the answers

In the ideal gas equation, what happens when both sides are divided by volume (V) and by temperature (T)?

nPV = RT Signup and view all the answers

How can the density equation be manipulated to find the molecular mass of a gas?

M = dP/RT Signup and view all the answers

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

Total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of individual pressures Signup and view all the answers

In a stoichiometry problem, what does the stoichiometric factor represent?

Number of particles involved in a reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between moles, molar mass, and mass in the ideal gas equation?

$n\times molarmass = mass$ Signup and view all the answers

What does the kinetic-molecular theory state about gases?

The volume of gas molecules is significant compared to the total volume of gas Signup and view all the answers

How can the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture be related to the total pressure?

$P_{ ext{gas}} = X_{ ext{gas}} P_{ ext{total}}$ Signup and view all the answers

When collecting a gas over water, why is it necessary to subtract the vapor pressure of water from the total pressure?

To find only the pressure of the desired gas Signup and view all the answers

In a gas mixture, what does partial pressure represent?

The pressure exerted by each individual gas in the mixture Signup and view all the answers

What does Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 represent in relation to partial pressures?

The sum of the partial pressures of all gases present Signup and view all the answers

When a gas is compressed at constant temperature, what happens to its pressure?

The pressure increases Signup and view all the answers

What remains constant when volume increases at constant temperature?

Average kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pressure when volume increases at constant temperature?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules when temperature increases at constant volume?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in volume affect the velocity of gas molecules?

Remains constant Signup and view all the answers

What type of collisions occur between gas molecules and the container walls?

Perfectly elastic Signup and view all the answers

Which speed is associated with the average kinetic energy of gas molecules?

$u_{rms}$ (root-mean-square speed) Signup and view all the answers