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Questions and Answers
What is matter?
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Which of the following are major categories of matter?
Which of the following are major categories of matter?
What is a physical property?
What is a physical property?
Any property of matter that can be observed or measured without altering its chemical composition.
Define density.
Define density.
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Materials that can be hammered into thin sheets are brittle.
Materials that can be hammered into thin sheets are brittle.
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What is conductivity?
What is conductivity?
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What does it mean for a material to be ductile?
What does it mean for a material to be ductile?
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Which properties do not change regardless of the amount of material present?
Which properties do not change regardless of the amount of material present?
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Boiling is a chemical change.
Boiling is a chemical change.
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What are chemical properties?
What are chemical properties?
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What does toxicity indicate?
What does toxicity indicate?
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What is a chemical change?
What is a chemical change?
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Study Notes
Definition of Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
- Classified into two major categories: pure substances and mixtures.
Properties of Matter
- Properties are distinguishing characteristics used to identify matter.
- Types of properties include physical properties and chemical properties.
Physical Properties
- Can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition.
- Examples:
- Color, shape, texture, state, odor, taste.
Density
- Refers to the amount of matter in a given volume.
- Dense objects have more matter packed into the same space than less dense objects.
Malleability
- Ability of materials to be hammered or pressed into thin sheets.
- Most metals are malleable due to strong particle connections with some movement.
- Example: 30 grams of gold can cover 30 square meters.
Conductivity
- Ability of a material to transfer heat or electricity.
- Metals conduct heat, contrasted with materials like wood that do not.
Ductility
- Ability of materials to be drawn into thin wires.
- Gold is the most malleable and ductile metal; 1 ounce can be stretched into 80 kilometers of wire.
- Other ductile materials include copper and aluminum.
Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
- Intensive properties do not depend on quantity (e.g., ductility).
- Extensive properties change with the amount present (e.g., mass, volume).
Physical Changes
- Involves changes in appearance or state without altering chemical composition.
- Example: Copper wire drawing changes shape but remains copper.
- Boiling transforms liquid to vapor while retaining identity.
Chemical Properties
- Describe behavior of matter in the presence of other substances or under conditions.
- Key chemical properties include:
- Reactivity: Stability or reactivity based on conditions.
- Flammability: Whether a substance can burn.
- Toxicity: Adverse effects on living organisms, often measured with an LD50 rating (lethal dose for half exposed).
Chemical Changes
- Occur when the chemical identity of a substance changes, indicating a chemical reaction.
- Composition changes alongside physical and chemical properties.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of matter, including its definition and classification into pure substances and mixtures. It focuses on the distinguishing physical and chemical properties of matter, essential for understanding the behavior of different materials.
