Matter and Its Properties PDF

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES Katherine Kyra D. Alonday-Lactaoen, LPT, RPh, MS Phar, CIP Master Teacher I, UST Senior High School STEM Strand © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distr...

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES Katherine Kyra D. Alonday-Lactaoen, LPT, RPh, MS Phar, CIP Master Teacher I, UST Senior High School STEM Strand © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. TOPIC 1: MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES CHAPTER 1 – Chemistry: The Study of Change - Nature and States of Matter - Physical and Chemical Properties - Extensive and Intensive Properties - Ways of Classifying Matter - Methods of Separating Mixtures into their Component Substances © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  “MaTteR iS aNyThiNg thAt OcCupiEs SpAce aND hAs MaSs” Image source: https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2019/1/23/18194848/spongebob-spongecase-app-typing-iphone-keyboard-tool-meme Is everything inside your room considered as matter? Extended Reading using the Book: The Higgs Boson Particle (Chemistry in Action, page 6) Definiton of Matter: 1. Occupies space VOLUME Amount of space taken up 1. Has mass MASS Amount of matter it contains Definition of Chemistry 2. ______ Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. States of Matter 1. ______ 3. ______ Solid water (ice) melts and becomes liquid water when it is heated. At the surface of the ice, water vapor (steam) is present because so much heat has been added. © McGraw-Hill Education. 1-6 Which state of matter is considered the most energetic? Properties of Matter Physical – observed without changing the composition Examples: shape, texture, length, mass, density, boiling point, etc. Chemical –observed when one substance is changed to another Example: flammability, combustibility, energy and reactivity, pH, etc. Intensive – amount independent; the property does not change as the amount of substance is changed Examples: boiling point, luster, and odor Extensive – amount dependent; the property changes as the amount of substance is changed Examples: mass, weight, and volume Physical and Chemical Change Physical Change – change in matter that do not change the composition of a substance. Example: Change of state/phase Chemical Change – changes that involve chemical reactions which results to new substance/s Example: Hydrogen burns in air to form water Practice Exercise Physical or Intensive or Chemical Extensive Determine whether each Given: property is: 1. Mass 2. Acidity Physical or Chemical and 3. Color Intensive or Extensive 4. Density 5. Enthalpy or Energy Classifications of Matter (based on its chemical composition) Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous metal acid solution suspension non-metal base metalloids salt Classifications of Matter Matter LEVEL 1 Pure Substances Mixtures LEVEL 1: CLASSIFICATION Element Compound OF MATTER Homogeneous Heterogeneous Ask yourselves: metal acid solution suspension “May iisang exact chemical formula ba ‘yan? non-metal base If the answer is: Yes = PURE metalloids SUBSTANCE salt No = MIXTURE  PURE substances may either be an Matter MIXTURES may either be element or a compound. homo- or heterogeneous Pure Substances Mixtures LEVEL 2 Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous metal acid solution suspension Based on the non-metal base uniformity of composition Based on the and properties metalloids salt number of atoms present and bonds between them Classifications of Matter Pure substance – type of matter that has the same properties and composition throughout a sample Element – simplest pure substance (cannot be broken down any further). Ex: Na-sodium, Fe-iron, Pb-lead Compound – pure substances that are made up of more than one different elements bonded together in a constant composition. - can only be separated through chemical means. Ex: H2O, NaCl, CO2 Mixture – combination of different pure substance/s in varying composition Homogeneous mixture – components cannot be distinguished from each other, appear as one substance; NO phase separation - particles are distributed uniformly throughout Ex: air, seawater, 10 karat gold Heterogeneous mixture – ALL components are visible because they do not mix well together; WITH phase separation. - composition is not uniform throughout Ex: sand and water, oil and water https://chemistrygod.com/classification-of-matter Practice Exercise 2 If it is a pure substance, identify if it is an element or a compound, and if it is a mixture, identify if it is homogeneous or heterogeneous. IF PURE: IF MIXTURE: Pure substance or Element or Homogeneous or a Mixture? Compound heterogeneous 1. Ultra pure water 2. Ground or well water 3. Table sugar 4. Air inside the room 5. Hot coffee 6. Caffeine Separation Techniques Sieving - Used to separate a dry mixture which contains different substances of different sizes. Separation Techniques Magnetic attraction - A process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force Separation Techniques Evaporation - A process in which liquid changes to its gaseous form upon heating, leaving the soluble solid behind. Separation Techniques Sublimation A process in which a solid changes directly into its gaseous state upon heating. Separation Techniques Sedimentation and Sedimentation Decantation Sedimentation – a process in which insoluble impurities settle at the bottom of Decantation the liquid to form sediment. e.g. obtaining clear water from muddy water. Decantation – the process of gently pouring a clear liquid into another container without disturbing the sediments. Separation Techniques Filtration - Technique that uses porous barrier/medium to separate solid from a liquid Separation Techniques Distillation - Separation of constituents of a liquid mixture by vaporization & then condensing the vapor to liquid (distillate) again. Separation Techniques Centrifugation - supernatant - sediment - Method of separating mixture components having different densities by spinning them. - With centrifugal force, sedimentation process is faster. centrifuge Centrifugation of blood to separate serum and plasma Separation Techniques Chromatography (Stationary phase) - Way to separate components of a mixture by using their different solubilities/affinities for a mobile medium and for a stationary absorbing medium through which they pass ink mixtures (Mobile phase) Separation Techniques Chromatography THANK YOU!  ANSWERS TO IN-PPT EXERCISES ANSWERS: Practice Exercise 1 Determine whether the Practice Exercise 1 (Topic: Matter) following property is: Physical or Intensive or Physical or Chemical, and Chemical Extensive Intensive or Extensive. Given: 1. Mass Physical Extensive Copy the given and write 2. Acidity Chemical Intensive your answers on your 3. Color Physical Intensive notes or on your digital 4. Density Physical Intensive notepad. 5. Enthalpy or Energy Chemical Extensive ANSWERS: Practice Exercise 2 Distinguish whether the following is a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, identify if it is an element or a compound, and if it is a mixture, identify if it is homogeneous or heterogeneous. IF PURE: IF MIXTURE: Pure substance or Element or Homogeneous or a Mixture? Compound heterogeneous 1. Ultra pure water Pure Compound - 2. Ground or well water Mixture - Heterogeneous 3. Table sugar Pure Compound - 4. Air inside the room Mixture - Homogeneous 5. Hot coffee Mixture - Homogeneous 6. Caffeine Pure Compound -