Chemistry Branches Overview

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry: Studies the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds, which are typically derived from mineral sources.
• Organic Chemistry: Focuses on the properties and reactions of organic compounds, which are typically derived from living organisms.
• Physical Chemistry: Examines the physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
• Analytical Chemistry: Deals with the analysis of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry: Explores the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Protons: Positively charged particles that reside in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons: Particles with no charge that reside in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
• Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element.
• Mass Number: The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Chemical Bonding

• Covalent Bonds: Formed when two or more atoms share electrons.
• Ionic Bonds: Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
• Hydrogen Bonds: A type of intermolecular force that arises between molecules.

Chemical Reactions

• Synthesis Reactions: Two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
• Decomposition Reactions: A single compound breaks down into two or more substances.
• Replacement Reactions: One element replaces another element in a compound.
• Combustion Reactions: A substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light.

Stoichiometry

• Mole: A unit of measurement that represents 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
• Molar Mass: The mass of one mole of a substance.
• Empirical Formula: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
• Molecular Formula: The actual number of atoms in a molecule.

Branches of Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry involves the study of properties and reactions of inorganic compounds, typically derived from mineral sources.
• Organic Chemistry focuses on the properties and reactions of organic compounds, typically derived from living organisms.
• Physical Chemistry examines physical properties and behavior of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
• Analytical Chemistry deals with the analysis of the chemical composition of substances.
• Biochemistry explores the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Atomic Structure

• Protons are positively charged particles that reside in the nucleus of an atom.
• Neutrons are particles with no charge that reside in the nucleus of an atom.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
• Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, determining the element.
• Mass Number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Chemical Bonding

• Covalent Bonds are formed when two or more atoms share electrons.
• Ionic Bonds are formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
• Hydrogen Bonds are a type of intermolecular force that arises between molecules.

Chemical Reactions

• Synthesis Reactions involve two or more substances combining to form a new compound.
• Decomposition Reactions involve a single compound breaking down into two or more substances.
• Replacement Reactions involve one element replacing another element in a compound.
• Combustion Reactions involve a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light.

Stoichiometry

• Mole is a unit of measurement that represents 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
• Molar Mass is the mass of one mole of a substance.
• Empirical Formula is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
• Molecular Formula is the actual number of atoms in a molecule.