Chemistry Bonding and Molecular Geometry

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Questions and Answers

What is the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions called?

Ionic bond

Covalent bonds join metals to non-metals.

False (B)

What type of bond joins metals to metals?

Metallic bond

In the following compound HH H-C-C-H HH the symbol - represents [blank] pair(s) of electrons.

<p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for Sulfur Oxide?

<p>SO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Iron (III) sulfide?

<p>Fe2S3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Dinitrogen hexaflouride?

<p>N2F6</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of valence electrons in the element Carbon?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with no lone pairs?

<p>Linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically between a metal and a non-metal.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between two non-metal atoms.

Metallic Bond

A chemical bond formed by the delocalized sharing of electrons between metal atoms.

Lewis Structure

A diagram representing the valence electrons of an atom or molecule, where each dot represents a valence electron.

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Molecular Geometry

The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule, determined by the repulsion between electron pairs.

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Valence Electrons

The outermost electrons of an atom, involved in chemical bonding.

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Cation

A positively charged ion formed by the loss of electrons.

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Anion

A negatively charged ion formed by the gain of electrons.

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Writing Chemical Formulas

The systematic process of writing chemical formulas for compounds based on their constituent elements and charges.

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Naming Ionic Compounds

The process of assigning a name to a compound based on its chemical formula, following specific rules and conventions.

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Naming Covalent Compounds

The process of assigning a name to a compound based on its chemical formula, following specific rules and conventions.

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Chemical Formula

The ratio of the number of atoms of each element in a compound, represented by subscripts in the chemical formula.

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Valence

The number of electrons an atom needs to gain or lose to achieve a stable octet configuration.

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Molecule

A substance that exists as discrete molecules, rather than a continuous network.

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Empirical Formula

A chemical formula that represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

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Molecular Formula

A chemical formula that represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

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Molecular Geometry

The arrangement of atoms in a molecule, taking into account the spatial orientation of the bonds.

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Formula Unit

A chemical formula representing a single unit of a compound, containing the specific number of atoms of each element.

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Intermolecular Forces

The electrostatic force of attraction between the positively charged nucleus of one atom and the negatively charged electrons of a neighboring atom.

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Formula Unit

A chemical formula representing a single unit of a compound, containing the specific number of atoms of each element.

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Study Notes

Bond Types

  • Ionic bonds: Form between metals and non-metals through electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (cations and anions).
  • Covalent bonds: Form between non-metals by sharing electrons. These bonds form molecules.
  • Metallic bonds: Join metals to metals, characterized by a "sea of electrons."

Chemical Formulas

  • Sulfur Oxide (III): SOâ‚‚
  • Iron (III) sulfide: Feâ‚‚S₃
  • Dinitrogen hexafluoride: Nâ‚‚F₆

Valence Electrons

  • Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
  • The number of valence electrons determines bonding properties and electron configuration of different elements.

Molecular Geometry

  • Molecular geometry describes the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms and lone pairs in a molecule.
  • The geometry is determined by the number of bond pairs and lone pairs around the central atom. This affects the shape.
  • Examples of molecular geometries and angles include:
    • Linear (180°)
    • Trigonal planar (120°)
    • Bent (<120°)
    • Tetrahedral (109.5°)
    • Trigonal pyramidal
    • Bent

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