Chemical Bonding Types and Naming Ionic Compounds
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Questions and Answers

How many types of chemical bonding are there?

Three

What are the three kinds of chemical bonding?

  • Ionic, Covalent, Metallic (correct)
  • Hydrogen, Metallic, Dipole-Dipole
  • Ionic, Polar, Non-polar
  • Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen

    • What is an ionic bond?

    An ionic bond is a chemical bond that involves the donation and acceptance of valence electrons.

    What is a covalent bond?

    <p>A covalent bond is a bond that shares valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a metallic bond?

    <p>A metallic bond is a bond that has valence electrons constantly flowing around them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cation?

    <p>A cation is a positively charged ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements/element families donate valence electrons when forming ionic bonds?

    <p>Alkali metals (1), alkali earth metals (2), Aluminum (3), gallium (3), indium (3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element/element families recieve valence electrons when forming ionic bonds?

    <p>Halogens (1), Oxides (2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is it always a one to one ratio with chemical bonding?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you name ionic compounds?

    <p>When naming ionic compounds, the cation is named first, followed by the anion. Monatomic cations are named after the element, while monatomic anions have the ending -ide. For example, CaCl2 is named calcium chloride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionic formula for ammonium?

    <p>[NH4]+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionic formula for hydroxide?

    <p>[OH]-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionic formula for nitrate?

    <p>[NO3]-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionic formula for carbonate?

    <p>[CO3]2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionic formula for phosphate?

    <p>[PO4]3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you write transition metal ions?

    <p>You put the number of valence electrons it can share/take in the upper right corner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do you use roman numerals (when writing transition metal ions)?

    <p>Roman numerals are used in place of the number of valence electrons when specifying the oxidation state of a transition metal ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ionic bond is a ____ and a _____ bonded together.

    <p>Metal and Nonmetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A covalent bond is a ______and a ______ bonded together.

    <p>Nonmetal and Nonmetal or Nonmetal and Metalloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first rule when writing covalent compound names?

    <p>Write the name of the electronegative element first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second rule when writing covalent compound names?

    <p>If you have more than one atom in the element compound you will need to add a prefix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For 1 atom the prefix is?

    <p>mono</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many dots and lines are in group 1? (H)

    <p>0 dots, 1 line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you physically distinguish covalent bonds vs ionic bonds?

    <p>Ionic compounds are hard/brittle solids that have high melting points and dissolve in water. Covalent compounds are soft or hard, have low melting points, and do not commonly dissolve in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Bonding Types

    • Three types of chemical bonding exist: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
    • Ionic bonds involve the donation and reception of valence electrons.
    • Covalent bonds involve the sharing of valence electrons.
    • Metallic bonds involve valence electrons constantly moving around the atoms.

    Ionic Bonds

    • Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals.
    • Metals (e.g., alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al, Ga, In) donate valence electrons.
    • Nonmetals (e.g., halogens, oxides) accept valence electrons.
    • Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.
    • Ionic compounds are crystalline solids with high melting points.

    Naming Ionic Compounds

    • Cation name comes first, then anion name.
    • Monatomic cation names are the same as the element name.
    • Monatomic anion names end in -ide.
    • Examples:
      • Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)
      • Ammonium (NH₄⁺)
      • Hydroxide (OH⁻)
      • Nitrate (NO₃⁻)
      • Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)
      • Carbonate (CO₃²⁻)
      • Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)
      • Use Roman numerals for transition metals to indicate the positive ion charge.

    Covalent Bonds

    • Covalent bonds form between nonmetals and sometimes metalloids.
    • Covalent bonding involves sharing valence electrons.
    • Covalent compounds typically have lower melting points than ionic compounds.
    • Naming covalent compounds use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element.
      • e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), or carbon dioxide (CO₂).

    Lewis Dot Diagrams

    • Lewis dot diagrams show valence electrons.
    • Elements in the same groups have the same number of valence electrons.
    • Number of valence electrons matches up with the column number except for transition metals.
    • Examples of Lewis dots are given for different periods and groups in the periodic table.

    Physical Properties

    • Ionic compounds are typically hard, brittle solids with high melting points and dissolve in water.
    • Covalent compounds vary significantly in their properties depending on the specific compound. Common compounds have relatively low melting points and often do not dissolve in water.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the three main types of chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic. It delves into the specifics of ionic bonds, including the formation between metals and nonmetals, and the correct naming conventions for ionic compounds. Test your knowledge on cations, anions, and examples of ionic compounds.

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