Chemistry Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is chemistry?

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

What is qualitative analysis?

Consisting of general observations about the system.

What is quantitative analysis?

Comprising of numbers obtained from various measurements of the system.

What is matter?

<p>Anything that occupies space and has mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

<p>A combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

<p>The composition of the mixture is the same throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>The composition is not uniform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

<p>A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

<p>A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical property?

<p>Can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical property?

<p>In order to observe this property, we must carry out a chemical change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kelvin?

<p>The SI base of temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is absolute zero?

<p>0 K or -273.15 degrees Celsius, the theoretical lowest temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is accuracy?

<p>How close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity that was measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is precision?

<p>How closely two or more measurements of the same quantity agree with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are significant figures?

<p>The meaningful digits in a measured or calculated quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of definite proportions?

<p>Different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of conservation of mass?

<p>Matter is neither created nor destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an atom?

<p>The basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is radiation?

<p>The emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is radioactivity?

<p>Spontaneous emission of particles/radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is atomic number?

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mass number?

<p>The total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are isotopes?

<p>Atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the periodic table?

<p>A chart in which elements having similar chemical and physical properties are grouped together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are periods in the periodic table?

<p>Horizontal rows on the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are groups/families in the periodic table?

<p>Elements in a vertical column which also have similar chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alkali metals?

<p>Group 1A elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alkaline earth metals?

<p>Group 2A elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are halogens?

<p>Elements in group 7A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are noble gases?

<p>Elements in group 8A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

<p>A substance formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion?

<p>Charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cation?

<p>An ion with a positive charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an anion?

<p>An ion with a negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chemical formulas?

<p>Expresses the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular formula?

<p>Shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an empirical formula?

<p>Tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms, but not necessarily the actual number of atoms in a given molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is atomic mass?

<p>The mass of the atom in atomic mass units (also grams).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is molecular mass?

<p>The sum of the atomic masses in the molecule, can be used the same way as the atomic mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mole (mol)?

<p>The amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Basics

  • Chemistry is defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
  • Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

Types of Observations

  • Qualitative observations involve general descriptions of a system.
  • Quantitative observations are numerical data obtained from measurements.

Mixtures and Substances

  • Mixtures combine two or more substances while retaining their distinct identities.
  • A homogenous mixture has uniform composition throughout, whereas a heterogenous mixture does not.
  • Elements cannot be separated into simpler substances via chemical means, while compounds consist of two or more elements combined in fixed proportions.

Properties of Matter

  • Physical properties can be measured without altering the substance's identity.
  • Chemical properties require a chemical change for observation.

Units of Measurement

  • Kelvin (K) is the SI unit for temperature, with absolute zero defined as 0 K or -273.15 degrees Celsius.

Measurement Accuracy and Precision

  • Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.
  • Precision indicates how consistently multiple measurements agree with each other.
  • Significant figures are the meaningful digits present in a measured or calculated quantity.

Fundamental Laws

  • The law of definite proportions states that samples of the same compound always have their elements in the same mass ratio.
  • The law of conservation of mass asserts that matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Atomic Structure

  • Atoms are the basic units of elements that can engage in chemical combinations.
  • Radiation is the transmission of energy through space in wave form; radioactivity refers to the spontaneous emission of particles or radiation.
  • The atomic number defines the number of protons in an atom, while the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons.

Isotopes and the Periodic Table

  • Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
  • The periodic table categorizes elements with similar properties; periods are horizontal rows, and groups (families) are vertical columns.

Groups of Elements

  • Alkali metals are found in group 1A, alkaline earth metals in group 2A, halogens in group 7A, and noble gases in group 8A.

Molecules and Ions

  • Molecules are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
  • Ions are charged particles that result from this electron transfer; cations have a positive charge, while anions carry a negative charge.

Chemical Representation

  • Chemical formulas express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds using chemical symbols.
  • Molecular formulas indicate the exact number of atoms for each element, while empirical formulas show the simplest whole number ratio of atom types.

Mass Concepts

  • Atomic mass reflects the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) or grams.
  • Molecular mass is the sum of the atomic masses within a molecule and is treated similarly to atomic mass.

Mole Concept

  • A mole (mol) represents a quantity of substance containing the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, serving as a convenient counting method in chemistry.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of chemistry, including matter, observations, and properties. This quiz covers various types of mixtures, units of measurement, and the distinctions between physical and chemical properties. Perfect for beginners in chemistry!

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