Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the number of electrons an atom can gain, lose, or share to form a bond with another atom?
Valency
What is the smallest unit of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound?
Molecule
What is the term used to describe a group of atoms that carry an electric charge, either positive or negative?
Ion
What is the term used to describe a symbol that represents a single atom of an element, such as 'H' for hydrogen?
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What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances?
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Study Notes
###Elements and Compounds
- Elements are represented by symbols, which are one or two letters.
- Compounds are formed when two or more elements combine in a fixed ratio.
###Ions and Atoms
- Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.
- Atoms are the building blocks of matter.
- Atoms have a nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons.
###Molecules
- Molecules are formed when two or more atoms combine chemically.
- Molecules can be elements or compounds.
###Compounds
- Compounds have a fixed ratio of elements, which can be expressed through a chemical formula.
- Compounds have properties different from their individual elements.
###Combining of Atoms
- Atoms combine to form compounds by sharing or exchanging electrons.
- The number of electrons gained or lost by an atom is its valency.
###Valency
- Valency is the number of electrons an atom gains or loses to form a bond.
- Valency can be 1, 2, 3, or more.
###Structure of an Atom
- The nucleus of an atom consists of protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
- Electrons orbit around the nucleus in energy levels.
###Physical and Chemical Changes
- Physical changes involve changes in state or phase, without a change in composition.
- Chemical changes involve a change in composition, resulting in a new substance.
###Chemical Formulae and Radicals
- Chemical formulae represent compounds using symbols and numbers.
- Radicals are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit in a compound.
###Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Chemical reactions involve the transformation of reactants into products.
- Chemical equations represent reactions, with reactants on the left and products on the right.
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Description
Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts of chemistry, including elements, compounds, atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions.
