Chemistry Basics: Atomic Structure

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Questions and Answers

What occurs when metals react with non-metals?

Gaseous products are produced

Neutral elements remain

Ionic compounds are created (correct)

Covalent bonds are formed

What is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons?

Anion

Cation (correct)

Neutral Atom

Isotope

Cations are formed when an atom gains electrons.

False

Atoms that gain electrons become cations.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of an anion?

Negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of ionic bonds?

The transfer of electrons between atoms. Signup and view all the answers

To achieve a stable electron configuration, non-metals typically ______ electrons.

gain Signup and view all the answers

A metal tends to ______ electrons in a reaction.

lose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about electron configuration stability?

Stability is achieved by having a full outer shell of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Cation = Ion with a positive charge Anion = Ion with a negative charge Ionic Bond = Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Electron Loss = Process resulting in the formation of cations Signup and view all the answers

What role do non-metals play in ionic bonding?

Non-metals typically gain electrons to become anions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is typical of ionic compounds?

Usually solid at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their typical ionic charge:

Sodium (Na) = +1 Chlorine (Cl) = -1 Calcium (Ca) = +2 Oxygen (O) = -2 Signup and view all the answers

It is easier for sodium to gain electrons than to lose electrons.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is required to break the bonds in ionic compounds?

A lot of energy Signup and view all the answers

Ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do metals do to achieve a more stable electron arrangement?

Lose electrons Signup and view all the answers

Non-metals can gain electrons to become positively charged ions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for positively charged ions formed by metals?

Cations Signup and view all the answers

The stable arrangement of electrons in an atom is achieved by gaining or losing __________.

electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements would most likely become a cation?

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

The lattice structure of ionic compounds results from the attraction between cations and anions.

True Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a sodium atom when it loses one electron?

It becomes a sodium ion. Signup and view all the answers

Metal atoms are generally __________ charged after losing electrons.

positively Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the reactivity of metals?

Electron configuration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic Bonding

When metals react with non-metals, ionic bonds are formed.
Ionic bonds are formed due to the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Metal atoms tend to lose electrons to form positively charged ions called cations.
Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons to form negatively charged ions called anions.
Anions have a negative charge.
To gain a stable electron configuration, non-metals typically gain electrons.
Metals tend to lose electrons in a reaction.
Electron configuration stability is achieved when an atom has a full outer shell of electrons, ideally resembling the electron configuration of a noble gas.
The stability of an atom's electron configuration is the primary reason for the formation of ionic bonds.

Characteristics of Ionic Compounds

Non-metals gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, which is the basis of ionic bonding.
Ionic compounds are typically hard and brittle due to the strong electrostatic forces holding the ions together in a rigid lattice structure.
High melting and boiling points are characteristics of ionic compounds. They require a significant amount of energy to overcome the strong electrostatic forces.
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in a molten state or when dissolved in water as the ions become free to move and carry an electrical current.
The lattice structure of ionic compounds is formed due to the attraction between cations and anions.

Key Concepts

It is easier for metals to lose electrons and become cations than to gain electrons.
Non-metals can gain electrons, becoming negatively charged ions.
Metals lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement, resulting in a positive charge.
Positively charged ions formed by metals are called cations.

Reactivity of Metals

The reactivity of metals is influenced by the ease with which they lose electrons.
The number of valence electrons, the size of the atom, and the distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus play a crucial role in metal reactivity.
The ease with which a metal loses electrons determines its reactivity.
Metals with less attraction between their valence electrons and the nucleus tend to be more reactive.
The chemical properties of metals are governed by their tendency to form cations, losing electrons.
Ionic bonds require a significant amount of energy to break due to strong electrostatic forces.
The stable electron configuration is achieved by either gaining or losing electrons.
Elements with one or two valence electrons are more likely to become cations.
Metal atoms become positively charged after losing electrons.

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Description

Test your understanding of atomic structure and the reactions between metals and non-metals. This quiz covers concepts related to electron loss and chemical interactions. Perfect for anyone studying foundational chemistry principles.