Chemistry Basics: Particulates and Gases
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the smallest unit of a chemical element?

  • Molecule
  • Compound
  • Mixture
  • Atom (correct)

    • What is the law that states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure?

  • Boyle's Law (correct)
  • Combined Gas Law
  • Charles' Law
  • Ideal Gas Law

    • What is the unit of measurement for the concentration of a substance in a mixture?

  • Moles per liter (mol/L)
  • Milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
  • Percentage by weight
  • Parts per million (ppm) (correct)

    • What is the term for a mixture of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its chemical properties?

    <p>Mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) of a substance?

    <p>TWA = (C1 x T1) + (C2 x T2) + ... + (Cn x Tn)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest concentration of a substance that can ignite in the presence of an ignition source?

    <p>Lower Flammability Limit (LFL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

    <p>Threshold Limit Value (TLV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor used to convert pressure units to atmospheric pressure units?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter characterized by a fixed shape and volume?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total mass of an atom?

    <p>Atomic Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

    <p>Thermal Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What act is known for its provisions regarding hazardous waste generators?

    <p>Resource Conservation and Recovery Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hazard of being surrounded by a material that can cause harm?

    <p>Engulfment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of wearing away or destroying a material, often through chemical reaction?

    <p>Corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard that requires employers to inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace?

    <p>Hazard Communication Standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of identifying and evaluating the characteristics of a hazardous waste site?

    <p>Site Characterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using ventilation in industrial settings?

    <p>To remove or reduce airborne contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ventilation is used to remove contaminants from a specific area or source?

    <p>Local (Exhaust) Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the volumetric air flow?

    <p>Q = AV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a canopy hood in local exhaust ventilation?

    <p>To capture contaminants from a specific source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a trench box in excavation?

    <p>To prevent collapse of the trench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the capture velocity for a plain opening hood?

    <p>To determine the hood's capture efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using pitot tubes in ventilation measurement?

    <p>To measure the air velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hazard associated with electrical wiring in construction?

    <p>Electrical shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the steady-state concentration in ventilation?

    <p>To determine the equilibrium concentration of a contaminant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

    <p>To prevent electrical shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a guardrail in fall protection?

    <p>To prevent falls from heights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hazard associated with scaffolds in construction?

    <p>Fall from heights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of static electricity control measures?

    <p>To prevent fires and explosions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a safety net system in fall protection?

    <p>To arrest the fall of a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ventilation in welding and cutting operations?

    <p>To remove heat and fumes from the work area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

    <p>To provide information on hazardous chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)?

    <p>To protect employees from blood-borne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Control of Hazardous Energy Standard (29 CFR 1910.147)?

    <p>To control hazardous energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134)?

    <p>To prevent exposure to airborne contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the OSHA 300, 300-A, and 301 forms?

    <p>To record workplace injuries and illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for hazardous chemical classification?

    <p>To provide a standardized system for classifying hazardous chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Comparison of Hazard Communication Requirements?

    <p>To compare the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Physical and Environmental Hazard Symbols?

    <p>To warn of physical and environmental hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state of matter characterized by a fixed volume but not a fixed shape?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Atomic Number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the concentration of a substance in a mixture?

    <p>Parts per million (ppm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

    <p>Toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the act that is known for its provisions regarding hazardous waste generators?

    <p>Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hazard of being surrounded by a material that can cause harm?

    <p>Engulfment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of wearing away or destroying a material, often through chemical reaction?

    <p>Corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

    <p>To ensure that employers inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the written program that outlines the procedures for identifying and evaluating the hazards of chemicals in the workplace?

    <p>Written Hazard Communication Standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the OSHA 300, 300-A, and 301 forms?

    <p>To record and track work-related injuries and illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Control of Hazardous Energy Standard (29 CFR 1910.147)?

    <p>To prevent the unexpected startup of machinery and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134)?

    <p>To prevent the inhalation of hazardous substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

    <p>Concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)?

    <p>To prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total mass of an atom?

    <p>Atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the Ideal Gas Law?

    <p>PV = nRT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the purge rate in ventilation?

    <p>To determine the amount of air needed to remove contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the concentration of a substance in a mixture?

    <p>Parts per million (ppm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the volumetric air flow?

    <p>Q = (V x A) / (60 x 3600)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Combined Gas Law?

    <p>To relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a down draft hood in local exhaust ventilation?

    <p>To capture contaminants from a specific area or source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

    <p>Threshold Limit Value (TLV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the static pressure of a fan in ventilation?

    <p>To determine the fan's power requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor used to convert pressure units to atmospheric pressure units?

    <p>1 atm = 1013 mbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the percentage of a substance in a mixture?

    <p>(Mass of substance / Total mass of mixture) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rotating vane anemometers in ventilation measurement?

    <p>To measure air flow velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the room air changes in ventilation?

    <p>To determine the effectiveness of ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest concentration of a substance that can ignite in the presence of an ignition source?

    <p>Lower Flammability Limit (LFL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the capture velocity for a plain opening hood in local exhaust ventilation?

    <p>To determine the effectiveness of the hood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a shield in trenching?

    <p>To prevent the collapse of the trench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

    <p>To provide a path for fault current to flow to ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a guardrail in fall protection?

    <p>To prevent falls from heights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ventilation in welding and cutting operations?

    <p>To remove harmful fumes and particles from the breathing zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a safety net system in fall protection?

    <p>To catch and stop a falling person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of static electricity control measures?

    <p>To reduce the risk of fires and explosions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of bonding in electrical systems?

    <p>To ensure that electrical equipment is properly grounded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a scaffold in construction?

    <p>To support workers and materials during construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the percentage of an element in a compound by weight?

    <p>formula weight / atomic weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor used to convert grams to moles?

    <p>1/atomic weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) of a substance?

    <p>(C1<em>T1 + C2</em>T2) / (T1 + T2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the concentration of a substance in ppm?

    <p>mg/m3 / (molecular weight / 24.45)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) of a mixture?

    <p>(LFL1<em>C1 + LFL2</em>C2) / (C1 + C2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the percentage of a TLV mixture?

    <p>(C1/TLV1 + C2/TLV2) / (C1 + C2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

    <p>P1 = (n1 / nT) * P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the combined gas law?

    <p>P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

    <p>To provide workers with information about hazardous chemicals in the workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the program that outlines the procedures for identifying and evaluating the hazards of chemicals in the workplace?

    <p>Written Hazard Communication Standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the OSHA 300, 300-A, and 301 forms?

    <p>To record and track workplace injuries and illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of identifying and evaluating the characteristics of a hazardous waste site?

    <p>Site characterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)?

    <p>To protect workers from occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state of matter characterized by a fixed shape and volume?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) of a substance?

    <p>TWA = (C1 x T1) + (C2 x T2) / T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

    <p>Hazard ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the purge rate in ventilation?

    <p>To determine the volume of air required to remove a contaminant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the velocity of air in a ventilation system?

    <p>V = Q / A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the static pressure of a fan in a ventilation system?

    <p>To determine the fan's resistance to airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the capture velocity for a plain opening hood in local exhaust ventilation?

    <p>To determine the velocity of the contaminant at the hood entrance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat, which is a physical hazard associated with hazardous materials?

    <p>Thermal Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the volumetric airflow rate in a ventilation system?

    <p>Q = V × A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key regulation governing hazardous materials and hazardous wastes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the steady-state concentration in a ventilation system?

    <p>To determine the equilibrium concentration of a contaminant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the total pressure in a ventilation system?

    <p>P = P_s + P_v</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measurement of the concentration of a substance in a mixture, often expressed in parts per million (ppm) or percentage?

    <p>Mass fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a canopy hood in local exhaust ventilation?

    <p>To capture contaminants generated from a specific source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state of matter characterized by a fixed volume but not a fixed shape, which is an important concept in hazardous materials management?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical hazard associated with hazardous materials?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of wearing away or destroying a material, often through chemical reaction, which is a physical hazard associated with hazardous materials?

    <p>Corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a health hazard associated with hazardous materials?

    <p>Carcinogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

    <p>To inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a controlled access zone system in fall protection?

    <p>To restrict access to the work zone to authorized personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the assured equipment grounding conductor program in electrical safety?

    <p>To ensure that all electrical equipment is properly grounded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a safety monitoring system in fall protection?

    <p>To monitor the work zone for potential hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the positioning device system in fall protection?

    <p>To position workers in a safe location to prevent falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a warning line system in fall protection?

    <p>To warn workers of potential hazards in the work zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the safety net system in fall protection?

    <p>To catch workers who fall from heights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the personal fall arrest system in fall protection?

    <p>To arrest the fall of a worker who has fallen from a height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ground fault circuit interrupter in electrical safety?

    <p>To interrupt the electrical circuit in the event of a ground fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Particulates and Gases

    • Particulates and Gases are discussed in the context of chemistry and hazardous materials
    • Key concepts include atomic number, atomic mass, atoms, chemical bonding, moles, molecules, and compounds
    • Mixtures, chemical formulas, and atomic weight of compounds are also important topics
    • Acids, bases, and pH are introduced, along with gas laws, including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and the Ideal Gas Law
    • Conversion factors, standard temperature and pressure, and concentrations of vapors, gases, and particulates are covered
    • Time-weighted average, calculating PELs/TLVs, and gaseous mixtures are also mentioned

    Hazardous Materials Management

    • Hazardous materials and hazardous waste are defined and discussed
    • Basic chemistry review includes topics such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states of matter, atomic mass, and atoms
    • Definitions related to matter, the periodic table, and measurements of concentrations are introduced
    • Hazardous materials/hazardous waste properties, including physical hazards, engulfment, over-pressurization, and fires/explosions, are covered
    • Health hazards, key regulations, and classification of hazardous materials are also discussed

    Regulations

    • Key regulations include the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and others

    • Hazard Communication Standard, Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard, Control of Hazardous Energy Standard, and Confined Space Entry Standard are discussed

    • Personal Protective Equipment, Respiratory Protection Standard, and Fall Protection Standard are also covered

    • Record keeping, reporting serious incidents or fatalities, and calculating total recordable incident rates are introduced### Ventilation

    • Purpose: to remove airborne contaminants and provide a healthy work environment

    • Types of ventilation:

      • General Ventilation: dilutes airborne contaminants
      • Dilution Ventilation: reduces concentration of airborne contaminants
      • Local (Exhaust) Ventilation: removes airborne contaminants at source

    • Calculating air flow:

      • Volumetric air flow
      • Static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure
      • Velocity of air

    • Contaminant generation:

      • Calculation of purge rates
      • Steady-state concentration

    • Local Exhaust Ventilation:

      • Types of hoods: canopy, down draft, enclosure, receiving
      • Calculating hood entry losses
      • Capture velocity for plain opening hood

    Ventilation Measurement Equipment

    • Pitot tubes
    • Rotating vane anemometers
    • Thermal anemometers

    Key Information to Remember on Ventilation

    • Not provided in the text

    Excavation

    • Soil classifications
    • Protective systems:
      • Sloping
      • Shoring
      • Shields (trench boxes)
      • RPE-designed protective systems
    • Safe entry and exit
    • Most commonly cited trenching violations

    Electrical Safety in Construction

    • Electrical definitions
    • Electrical injuries:
      • Electrical shock
      • Burns
      • Falls
    • Controlling electrical hazards:
      • Exposed electrical parts
      • Overhead power lines
      • Inadequate wiring
      • Defective or damaged cords and wires
      • Grounding
      • Ground fault circuit interrupters
      • Assured equipment grounding conductor program
      • Overloaded circuits
    • Safety-related work practices:
      • Planning
      • Training
      • Summary

    Static Electricity

    • Bonding and grounding
    • Humidification
    • Static controllers (collectors)
    • Additives

    Scaffolds

    • Fall hazards
    • Falling object (struck by) protection
    • Elements of safe scaffold construction
    • Scaffold training requirements

    Fall Protection and Prevention in Construction

    • Physics of a fall
    • Fall prevention and protection:
      • Guardrails
      • Positioning device system
      • Warning line systems
      • Controlled access zone system
      • Safety monitoring system
      • Personal fall arrest system
      • Safety net systems

    Cranes and Derrick Safety

    • Not provided in the text

    Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

    • Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
    • Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds
    • Hoses
    • Torches
    • Regulators and gauges
    • Oil and grease hazards
    • Arc welding and cutting:
      • Manual electrode holders
      • Welding cables and connectors
      • Ground returns and machine grounding
    • Resistance welding
    • Fire prevention
    • Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating

    Hand and Power Tool Safety

    • Abrasive grinders:
      • Wheel testing
      • The ring test
      • The vibration test
    • Portable circular saws
    • Compressed air systems
    • Housekeeping

    Particulates and Gases

    • Particulates and Gases are discussed in the context of chemistry and hazardous materials
    • Key concepts include atomic number, atomic mass, atoms, chemical bonding, moles, molecules, and compounds
    • Mixtures, chemical formulas, and atomic weight of compounds are also important topics
    • Acids, bases, and pH are introduced, along with gas laws, including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and the Ideal Gas Law
    • Conversion factors, standard temperature and pressure, and concentrations of vapors, gases, and particulates are covered
    • Time-weighted average, calculating PELs/TLVs, and gaseous mixtures are also mentioned

    Hazardous Materials Management

    • Hazardous materials and hazardous waste are defined and discussed
    • Basic chemistry review includes topics such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states of matter, atomic mass, and atoms
    • Definitions related to matter, the periodic table, and measurements of concentrations are introduced
    • Hazardous materials/hazardous waste properties, including physical hazards, engulfment, over-pressurization, and fires/explosions, are covered
    • Health hazards, key regulations, and classification of hazardous materials are also discussed

    Regulations

    • Key regulations include the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and others

    • Hazard Communication Standard, Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard, Control of Hazardous Energy Standard, and Confined Space Entry Standard are discussed

    • Personal Protective Equipment, Respiratory Protection Standard, and Fall Protection Standard are also covered

    • Record keeping, reporting serious incidents or fatalities, and calculating total recordable incident rates are introduced### Ventilation

    • Purpose: to remove airborne contaminants and provide a healthy work environment

    • Types of ventilation:

      • General Ventilation: dilutes airborne contaminants
      • Dilution Ventilation: reduces concentration of airborne contaminants
      • Local (Exhaust) Ventilation: removes airborne contaminants at source

    • Calculating air flow:

      • Volumetric air flow
      • Static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure
      • Velocity of air

    • Contaminant generation:

      • Calculation of purge rates
      • Steady-state concentration

    • Local Exhaust Ventilation:

      • Types of hoods: canopy, down draft, enclosure, receiving
      • Calculating hood entry losses
      • Capture velocity for plain opening hood

    Ventilation Measurement Equipment

    • Pitot tubes
    • Rotating vane anemometers
    • Thermal anemometers

    Key Information to Remember on Ventilation

    • Not provided in the text

    Excavation

    • Soil classifications
    • Protective systems:
      • Sloping
      • Shoring
      • Shields (trench boxes)
      • RPE-designed protective systems
    • Safe entry and exit
    • Most commonly cited trenching violations

    Electrical Safety in Construction

    • Electrical definitions
    • Electrical injuries:
      • Electrical shock
      • Burns
      • Falls
    • Controlling electrical hazards:
      • Exposed electrical parts
      • Overhead power lines
      • Inadequate wiring
      • Defective or damaged cords and wires
      • Grounding
      • Ground fault circuit interrupters
      • Assured equipment grounding conductor program
      • Overloaded circuits
    • Safety-related work practices:
      • Planning
      • Training
      • Summary

    Static Electricity

    • Bonding and grounding
    • Humidification
    • Static controllers (collectors)
    • Additives

    Scaffolds

    • Fall hazards
    • Falling object (struck by) protection
    • Elements of safe scaffold construction
    • Scaffold training requirements

    Fall Protection and Prevention in Construction

    • Physics of a fall
    • Fall prevention and protection:
      • Guardrails
      • Positioning device system
      • Warning line systems
      • Controlled access zone system
      • Safety monitoring system
      • Personal fall arrest system
      • Safety net systems

    Cranes and Derrick Safety

    • Not provided in the text

    Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

    • Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
    • Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds
    • Hoses
    • Torches
    • Regulators and gauges
    • Oil and grease hazards
    • Arc welding and cutting:
      • Manual electrode holders
      • Welding cables and connectors
      • Ground returns and machine grounding
    • Resistance welding
    • Fire prevention
    • Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating

    Hand and Power Tool Safety

    • Abrasive grinders:
      • Wheel testing
      • The ring test
      • The vibration test
    • Portable circular saws
    • Compressed air systems
    • Housekeeping

    Particulates and Gases

    • Particulates and Gases are discussed in the context of chemistry and hazardous materials
    • Key concepts include atomic number, atomic mass, atoms, chemical bonding, moles, molecules, and compounds
    • Mixtures, chemical formulas, and atomic weight of compounds are also important topics
    • Acids, bases, and pH are introduced, along with gas laws, including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and the Ideal Gas Law
    • Conversion factors, standard temperature and pressure, and concentrations of vapors, gases, and particulates are covered
    • Time-weighted average, calculating PELs/TLVs, and gaseous mixtures are also mentioned

    Hazardous Materials Management

    • Hazardous materials and hazardous waste are defined and discussed
    • Basic chemistry review includes topics such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states of matter, atomic mass, and atoms
    • Definitions related to matter, the periodic table, and measurements of concentrations are introduced
    • Hazardous materials/hazardous waste properties, including physical hazards, engulfment, over-pressurization, and fires/explosions, are covered
    • Health hazards, key regulations, and classification of hazardous materials are also discussed

    Regulations

    • Key regulations include the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and others

    • Hazard Communication Standard, Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard, Control of Hazardous Energy Standard, and Confined Space Entry Standard are discussed

    • Personal Protective Equipment, Respiratory Protection Standard, and Fall Protection Standard are also covered

    • Record keeping, reporting serious incidents or fatalities, and calculating total recordable incident rates are introduced### Ventilation

    • Purpose: to remove airborne contaminants and provide a healthy work environment

    • Types of ventilation:

      • General Ventilation: dilutes airborne contaminants
      • Dilution Ventilation: reduces concentration of airborne contaminants
      • Local (Exhaust) Ventilation: removes airborne contaminants at source

    • Calculating air flow:

      • Volumetric air flow
      • Static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure
      • Velocity of air

    • Contaminant generation:

      • Calculation of purge rates
      • Steady-state concentration

    • Local Exhaust Ventilation:

      • Types of hoods: canopy, down draft, enclosure, receiving
      • Calculating hood entry losses
      • Capture velocity for plain opening hood

    Ventilation Measurement Equipment

    • Pitot tubes
    • Rotating vane anemometers
    • Thermal anemometers

    Key Information to Remember on Ventilation

    • Not provided in the text

    Excavation

    • Soil classifications
    • Protective systems:
      • Sloping
      • Shoring
      • Shields (trench boxes)
      • RPE-designed protective systems
    • Safe entry and exit
    • Most commonly cited trenching violations

    Electrical Safety in Construction

    • Electrical definitions
    • Electrical injuries:
      • Electrical shock
      • Burns
      • Falls
    • Controlling electrical hazards:
      • Exposed electrical parts
      • Overhead power lines
      • Inadequate wiring
      • Defective or damaged cords and wires
      • Grounding
      • Ground fault circuit interrupters
      • Assured equipment grounding conductor program
      • Overloaded circuits
    • Safety-related work practices:
      • Planning
      • Training
      • Summary

    Static Electricity

    • Bonding and grounding
    • Humidification
    • Static controllers (collectors)
    • Additives

    Scaffolds

    • Fall hazards
    • Falling object (struck by) protection
    • Elements of safe scaffold construction
    • Scaffold training requirements

    Fall Protection and Prevention in Construction

    • Physics of a fall
    • Fall prevention and protection:
      • Guardrails
      • Positioning device system
      • Warning line systems
      • Controlled access zone system
      • Safety monitoring system
      • Personal fall arrest system
      • Safety net systems

    Cranes and Derrick Safety

    • Not provided in the text

    Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

    • Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
    • Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds
    • Hoses
    • Torches
    • Regulators and gauges
    • Oil and grease hazards
    • Arc welding and cutting:
      • Manual electrode holders
      • Welding cables and connectors
      • Ground returns and machine grounding
    • Resistance welding
    • Fire prevention
    • Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating

    Hand and Power Tool Safety

    • Abrasive grinders:
      • Wheel testing
      • The ring test
      • The vibration test
    • Portable circular saws
    • Compressed air systems
    • Housekeeping

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