Chemistry Basics: Particulates and Gases

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the smallest unit of a chemical element?

Molecule

Compound

Mixture

Atom (correct)

What is the law that states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure?

Boyle's Law (correct)

Combined Gas Law

Charles' Law

Ideal Gas Law

What is the unit of measurement for the concentration of a substance in a mixture?

Moles per liter (mol/L)

Milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)

Percentage by weight

Parts per million (ppm) (correct)

What is the term for a mixture of two or more substances, where each substance maintains its chemical properties?

Mixture Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) of a substance?

TWA = (C1 x T1) + (C2 x T2) + ... + (Cn x Tn) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the lowest concentration of a substance that can ignite in the presence of an ignition source?

Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion factor used to convert pressure units to atmospheric pressure units?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of matter characterized by a fixed shape and volume?

Solid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total mass of an atom?

Atomic Mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

Thermal Decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What act is known for its provisions regarding hazardous waste generators?

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hazard of being surrounded by a material that can cause harm?

Engulfment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of wearing away or destroying a material, often through chemical reaction?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard that requires employers to inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace?

Hazard Communication Standard Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of identifying and evaluating the characteristics of a hazardous waste site?

Site Characterization Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using ventilation in industrial settings?

To remove or reduce airborne contaminants Signup and view all the answers

What type of ventilation is used to remove contaminants from a specific area or source?

Local (Exhaust) Ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the volumetric air flow?

Q = AV Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a canopy hood in local exhaust ventilation?

To capture contaminants from a specific source Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a trench box in excavation?

To prevent collapse of the trench Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the capture velocity for a plain opening hood?

To determine the hood's capture efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using pitot tubes in ventilation measurement?

To measure the air velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hazard associated with electrical wiring in construction?

Electrical shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the steady-state concentration in ventilation?

To determine the equilibrium concentration of a contaminant Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

To prevent electrical shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a guardrail in fall protection?

To prevent falls from heights Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hazard associated with scaffolds in construction?

Fall from heights Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of static electricity control measures?

To prevent fires and explosions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a safety net system in fall protection?

To arrest the fall of a person Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ventilation in welding and cutting operations?

To remove heat and fumes from the work area Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

To provide information on hazardous chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)?

To protect employees from blood-borne pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Control of Hazardous Energy Standard (29 CFR 1910.147)?

To control hazardous energy sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134)?

To prevent exposure to airborne contaminants Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OSHA 300, 300-A, and 301 forms?

To record workplace injuries and illnesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for hazardous chemical classification?

To provide a standardized system for classifying hazardous chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Comparison of Hazard Communication Requirements?

To compare the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Physical and Environmental Hazard Symbols?

To warn of physical and environmental hazards Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of matter characterized by a fixed volume but not a fixed shape?

Liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

Atomic Number Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the concentration of a substance in a mixture?

Parts per million (ppm) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

Decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

Toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the act that is known for its provisions regarding hazardous waste generators?

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hazard of being surrounded by a material that can cause harm?

Engulfment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of wearing away or destroying a material, often through chemical reaction?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

To ensure that employers inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the written program that outlines the procedures for identifying and evaluating the hazards of chemicals in the workplace?

Written Hazard Communication Standard Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OSHA 300, 300-A, and 301 forms?

To record and track work-related injuries and illnesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Control of Hazardous Energy Standard (29 CFR 1910.147)?

To prevent the unexpected startup of machinery and equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134)?

To prevent the inhalation of hazardous substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

Concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)?

To prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

Decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total mass of an atom?

Atomic mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the Ideal Gas Law?

PV = nRT Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the purge rate in ventilation?

To determine the amount of air needed to remove contaminants Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the concentration of a substance in a mixture?

Parts per million (ppm) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the volumetric air flow?

Q = (V x A) / (60 x 3600) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Combined Gas Law?

To relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a down draft hood in local exhaust ventilation?

To capture contaminants from a specific area or source Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat?

Decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the static pressure of a fan in ventilation?

To determine the fan's power requirement Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion factor used to convert pressure units to atmospheric pressure units?

1 atm = 1013 mbar Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the percentage of a substance in a mixture?

(Mass of substance / Total mass of mixture) x 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rotating vane anemometers in ventilation measurement?

To measure air flow velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the room air changes in ventilation?

To determine the effectiveness of ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the lowest concentration of a substance that can ignite in the presence of an ignition source?

Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the capture velocity for a plain opening hood in local exhaust ventilation?

To determine the effectiveness of the hood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a shield in trenching?

To prevent the collapse of the trench Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

To provide a path for fault current to flow to ground Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a guardrail in fall protection?

To prevent falls from heights Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ventilation in welding and cutting operations?

To remove harmful fumes and particles from the breathing zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a safety net system in fall protection?

To catch and stop a falling person Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of static electricity control measures?

To reduce the risk of fires and explosions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of bonding in electrical systems?

To ensure that electrical equipment is properly grounded Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a scaffold in construction?

To support workers and materials during construction Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the percentage of an element in a compound by weight?

formula weight / atomic weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion factor used to convert grams to moles?

1/atomic weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) of a substance?

(C1T1 + C2T2) / (T1 + T2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the concentration of a substance in ppm?

mg/m3 / (molecular weight / 24.45) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) of a mixture?

(LFL1C1 + LFL2C2) / (C1 + C2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the percentage of a TLV mixture?

(C1/TLV1 + C2/TLV2) / (C1 + C2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

P1 = (n1 / nT) * P Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the combined gas law?

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

To provide workers with information about hazardous chemicals in the workplace Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the program that outlines the procedures for identifying and evaluating the hazards of chemicals in the workplace?

Written Hazard Communication Standard Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OSHA 300, 300-A, and 301 forms?

To record and track workplace injuries and illnesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of identifying and evaluating the characteristics of a hazardous waste site?

Site characterization Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)?

To protect workers from occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of matter characterized by a fixed shape and volume?

Solid Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) of a substance?

TWA = (C1 x T1) + (C2 x T2) / T Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the percentage of a substance in a mixture that is likely to cause harm to humans or the environment?

Hazard ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the purge rate in ventilation?

To determine the volume of air required to remove a contaminant Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the velocity of air in a ventilation system?

V = Q / A Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the static pressure of a fan in a ventilation system?

To determine the fan's resistance to airflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the capture velocity for a plain opening hood in local exhaust ventilation?

To determine the velocity of the contaminant at the hood entrance Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down into simpler substances, often with heat, which is a physical hazard associated with hazardous materials?

Thermal Decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the volumetric airflow rate in a ventilation system?

Q = V × A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key regulation governing hazardous materials and hazardous wastes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the steady-state concentration in a ventilation system?

To determine the equilibrium concentration of a contaminant Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the total pressure in a ventilation system?

P = P_s + P_v Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the measurement of the concentration of a substance in a mixture, often expressed in parts per million (ppm) or percentage?

Mass fraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a canopy hood in local exhaust ventilation?

To capture contaminants generated from a specific source Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of matter characterized by a fixed volume but not a fixed shape, which is an important concept in hazardous materials management?

Liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical hazard associated with hazardous materials?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of wearing away or destroying a material, often through chemical reaction, which is a physical hazard associated with hazardous materials?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a health hazard associated with hazardous materials?

Carcinogenicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)?

To inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a controlled access zone system in fall protection?

To restrict access to the work zone to authorized personnel Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the assured equipment grounding conductor program in electrical safety?

To ensure that all electrical equipment is properly grounded Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a safety monitoring system in fall protection?

To monitor the work zone for potential hazards Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the positioning device system in fall protection?

To position workers in a safe location to prevent falls Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a warning line system in fall protection?

To warn workers of potential hazards in the work zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the safety net system in fall protection?

To catch workers who fall from heights Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the personal fall arrest system in fall protection?

To arrest the fall of a worker who has fallen from a height Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ground fault circuit interrupter in electrical safety?

To interrupt the electrical circuit in the event of a ground fault Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Particulates and Gases

Particulates and Gases are discussed in the context of chemistry and hazardous materials
Key concepts include atomic number, atomic mass, atoms, chemical bonding, moles, molecules, and compounds
Mixtures, chemical formulas, and atomic weight of compounds are also important topics
Acids, bases, and pH are introduced, along with gas laws, including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and the Ideal Gas Law
Conversion factors, standard temperature and pressure, and concentrations of vapors, gases, and particulates are covered
Time-weighted average, calculating PELs/TLVs, and gaseous mixtures are also mentioned

Hazardous Materials Management

Hazardous materials and hazardous waste are defined and discussed
Basic chemistry review includes topics such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states of matter, atomic mass, and atoms
Definitions related to matter, the periodic table, and measurements of concentrations are introduced
Hazardous materials/hazardous waste properties, including physical hazards, engulfment, over-pressurization, and fires/explosions, are covered
Health hazards, key regulations, and classification of hazardous materials are also discussed

Regulations

Key regulations include the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and others
Hazard Communication Standard, Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard, Control of Hazardous Energy Standard, and Confined Space Entry Standard are discussed
Personal Protective Equipment, Respiratory Protection Standard, and Fall Protection Standard are also covered
Record keeping, reporting serious incidents or fatalities, and calculating total recordable incident rates are introduced### Ventilation
Purpose: to remove airborne contaminants and provide a healthy work environment
Types of ventilation:
- General Ventilation: dilutes airborne contaminants
- Dilution Ventilation: reduces concentration of airborne contaminants
- Local (Exhaust) Ventilation: removes airborne contaminants at source
Calculating air flow:
- Volumetric air flow
- Static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure
- Velocity of air
Contaminant generation:
- Calculation of purge rates
- Steady-state concentration
Local Exhaust Ventilation:
- Types of hoods: canopy, down draft, enclosure, receiving
- Calculating hood entry losses
- Capture velocity for plain opening hood

Ventilation Measurement Equipment

Pitot tubes
Rotating vane anemometers
Thermal anemometers

Key Information to Remember on Ventilation

Not provided in the text

Excavation

Soil classifications
Protective systems:
- Sloping
- Shoring
- Shields (trench boxes)
- RPE-designed protective systems
Safe entry and exit
Most commonly cited trenching violations

Electrical Safety in Construction

Electrical definitions
Electrical injuries:
- Electrical shock
- Burns
- Falls
Controlling electrical hazards:
- Exposed electrical parts
- Overhead power lines
- Inadequate wiring
- Defective or damaged cords and wires
- Grounding
- Ground fault circuit interrupters
- Assured equipment grounding conductor program
- Overloaded circuits
Safety-related work practices:
- Planning
- Training
- Summary

Static Electricity

Bonding and grounding
Humidification
Static controllers (collectors)
Additives

Scaffolds

Fall hazards
Falling object (struck by) protection
Elements of safe scaffold construction
Scaffold training requirements

Fall Protection and Prevention in Construction

Physics of a fall
Fall prevention and protection:
- Guardrails
- Positioning device system
- Warning line systems
- Controlled access zone system
- Safety monitoring system
- Personal fall arrest system
- Safety net systems

Cranes and Derrick Safety

Not provided in the text

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds
Hoses
Torches
Regulators and gauges
Oil and grease hazards
Arc welding and cutting:
- Manual electrode holders
- Welding cables and connectors
- Ground returns and machine grounding
Resistance welding
Fire prevention
Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating

Hand and Power Tool Safety

Abrasive grinders:
- Wheel testing
- The ring test
- The vibration test
Portable circular saws
Compressed air systems
Housekeeping

Particulates and Gases

Particulates and Gases are discussed in the context of chemistry and hazardous materials
Key concepts include atomic number, atomic mass, atoms, chemical bonding, moles, molecules, and compounds
Mixtures, chemical formulas, and atomic weight of compounds are also important topics
Acids, bases, and pH are introduced, along with gas laws, including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and the Ideal Gas Law
Conversion factors, standard temperature and pressure, and concentrations of vapors, gases, and particulates are covered
Time-weighted average, calculating PELs/TLVs, and gaseous mixtures are also mentioned

Hazardous Materials Management

Hazardous materials and hazardous waste are defined and discussed
Basic chemistry review includes topics such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states of matter, atomic mass, and atoms
Definitions related to matter, the periodic table, and measurements of concentrations are introduced
Hazardous materials/hazardous waste properties, including physical hazards, engulfment, over-pressurization, and fires/explosions, are covered
Health hazards, key regulations, and classification of hazardous materials are also discussed

Regulations

Key regulations include the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and others
Hazard Communication Standard, Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard, Control of Hazardous Energy Standard, and Confined Space Entry Standard are discussed
Personal Protective Equipment, Respiratory Protection Standard, and Fall Protection Standard are also covered
Record keeping, reporting serious incidents or fatalities, and calculating total recordable incident rates are introduced### Ventilation
Purpose: to remove airborne contaminants and provide a healthy work environment
Types of ventilation:
- General Ventilation: dilutes airborne contaminants
- Dilution Ventilation: reduces concentration of airborne contaminants
- Local (Exhaust) Ventilation: removes airborne contaminants at source
Calculating air flow:
- Volumetric air flow
- Static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure
- Velocity of air
Contaminant generation:
- Calculation of purge rates
- Steady-state concentration
Local Exhaust Ventilation:
- Types of hoods: canopy, down draft, enclosure, receiving
- Calculating hood entry losses
- Capture velocity for plain opening hood

Ventilation Measurement Equipment

Pitot tubes
Rotating vane anemometers
Thermal anemometers

Key Information to Remember on Ventilation

Not provided in the text

Excavation

Soil classifications
Protective systems:
- Sloping
- Shoring
- Shields (trench boxes)
- RPE-designed protective systems
Safe entry and exit
Most commonly cited trenching violations

Electrical Safety in Construction

Electrical definitions
Electrical injuries:
- Electrical shock
- Burns
- Falls
Controlling electrical hazards:
- Exposed electrical parts
- Overhead power lines
- Inadequate wiring
- Defective or damaged cords and wires
- Grounding
- Ground fault circuit interrupters
- Assured equipment grounding conductor program
- Overloaded circuits
Safety-related work practices:
- Planning
- Training
- Summary

Static Electricity

Bonding and grounding
Humidification
Static controllers (collectors)
Additives

Scaffolds

Fall hazards
Falling object (struck by) protection
Elements of safe scaffold construction
Scaffold training requirements

Fall Protection and Prevention in Construction

Physics of a fall
Fall prevention and protection:
- Guardrails
- Positioning device system
- Warning line systems
- Controlled access zone system
- Safety monitoring system
- Personal fall arrest system
- Safety net systems

Cranes and Derrick Safety

Not provided in the text

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds
Hoses
Torches
Regulators and gauges
Oil and grease hazards
Arc welding and cutting:
- Manual electrode holders
- Welding cables and connectors
- Ground returns and machine grounding
Resistance welding
Fire prevention
Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating

Hand and Power Tool Safety

Abrasive grinders:
- Wheel testing
- The ring test
- The vibration test
Portable circular saws
Compressed air systems
Housekeeping

Particulates and Gases

Particulates and Gases are discussed in the context of chemistry and hazardous materials
Key concepts include atomic number, atomic mass, atoms, chemical bonding, moles, molecules, and compounds
Mixtures, chemical formulas, and atomic weight of compounds are also important topics
Acids, bases, and pH are introduced, along with gas laws, including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and the Ideal Gas Law
Conversion factors, standard temperature and pressure, and concentrations of vapors, gases, and particulates are covered
Time-weighted average, calculating PELs/TLVs, and gaseous mixtures are also mentioned

Hazardous Materials Management

Hazardous materials and hazardous waste are defined and discussed
Basic chemistry review includes topics such as solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states of matter, atomic mass, and atoms
Definitions related to matter, the periodic table, and measurements of concentrations are introduced
Hazardous materials/hazardous waste properties, including physical hazards, engulfment, over-pressurization, and fires/explosions, are covered
Health hazards, key regulations, and classification of hazardous materials are also discussed

Regulations

Key regulations include the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and others
Hazard Communication Standard, Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard, Control of Hazardous Energy Standard, and Confined Space Entry Standard are discussed
Personal Protective Equipment, Respiratory Protection Standard, and Fall Protection Standard are also covered
Record keeping, reporting serious incidents or fatalities, and calculating total recordable incident rates are introduced### Ventilation
Purpose: to remove airborne contaminants and provide a healthy work environment
Types of ventilation:
- General Ventilation: dilutes airborne contaminants
- Dilution Ventilation: reduces concentration of airborne contaminants
- Local (Exhaust) Ventilation: removes airborne contaminants at source
Calculating air flow:
- Volumetric air flow
- Static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure
- Velocity of air
Contaminant generation:
- Calculation of purge rates
- Steady-state concentration
Local Exhaust Ventilation:
- Types of hoods: canopy, down draft, enclosure, receiving
- Calculating hood entry losses
- Capture velocity for plain opening hood

Ventilation Measurement Equipment

Pitot tubes
Rotating vane anemometers
Thermal anemometers

Key Information to Remember on Ventilation

Not provided in the text

Excavation

Soil classifications
Protective systems:
- Sloping
- Shoring
- Shields (trench boxes)
- RPE-designed protective systems
Safe entry and exit
Most commonly cited trenching violations

Electrical Safety in Construction

Electrical definitions
Electrical injuries:
- Electrical shock
- Burns
- Falls
Controlling electrical hazards:
- Exposed electrical parts
- Overhead power lines
- Inadequate wiring
- Defective or damaged cords and wires
- Grounding
- Ground fault circuit interrupters
- Assured equipment grounding conductor program
- Overloaded circuits
Safety-related work practices:
- Planning
- Training
- Summary

Static Electricity

Bonding and grounding
Humidification
Static controllers (collectors)
Additives

Scaffolds

Fall hazards
Falling object (struck by) protection
Elements of safe scaffold construction
Scaffold training requirements

Fall Protection and Prevention in Construction

Physics of a fall
Fall prevention and protection:
- Guardrails
- Positioning device system
- Warning line systems
- Controlled access zone system
- Safety monitoring system
- Personal fall arrest system
- Safety net systems

Cranes and Derrick Safety

Not provided in the text

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting
Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds
Hoses
Torches
Regulators and gauges
Oil and grease hazards
Arc welding and cutting:
- Manual electrode holders
- Welding cables and connectors
- Ground returns and machine grounding
Resistance welding
Fire prevention
Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating

Hand and Power Tool Safety

Abrasive grinders:
- Wheel testing
- The ring test
- The vibration test
Portable circular saws
Compressed air systems
Housekeeping

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Test your understanding of chemistry fundamentals, including atomic structure, chemical bonding, and gas laws, as well as hazardous materials and chemical reactions.