Chemistry Basics
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Chemistry Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of an acid that involves litmus paper?

  • It changes the smell of litmus paper
  • It turns red litmus paper blue
  • It turns blue litmus paper red (correct)
  • It leaves litmus paper unaffected

    • What is the pH range of a base?

  • pH < 7
  • pH > 7 (correct)
  • pH = 7
  • pH = 0

    • What type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons?

  • Decomposition reaction
  • Oxidation-reduction reaction (correct)
  • Displacement reaction
  • Combination reaction

    • What is the formula for calculating pH?

    <p>pH = -log[H+]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a base?

    <p>A substance that accepts a proton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of metals?

    <p>Good conductor of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a decomposition reaction?

    <p>2H2O → 2H2 + O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a series of metals arranged in order of their reactivity?

    <p>Reactivity series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an acid?

    <p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of non-metals?

    <p>Poor conductor of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids and Bases

    Acids

    • Definition: A substance that donates a proton (H+ ion)
    • Characteristics:
      • Turn blue litmus paper red
      • Conduct electricity
      • Have a pH less than 7
      • React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
    • Examples: HCl (hydrochloric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid)

    Bases

    • Definition: A substance that accepts a proton (H+ ion)
    • Characteristics:
      • Turn red litmus paper blue
      • Conduct electricity
      • Have a pH greater than 7
      • React with oils to produce soap and water
    • Examples: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide)

    pH Scale

    • pH = -log[H+]
    • pH range: 0-14
    • Acidic: pH < 7
    • Neutral: pH = 7
    • Basic: pH > 7

    Chemical Reactions

    Types of Chemical Reactions

    • Combination Reactions: Two or more substances combine to form a new substance
      • Example: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
    • Decomposition Reactions: A single substance breaks down into two or more substances
      • Example: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
    • Displacement Reactions: One element displaces another element from a compound
      • Example: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
    • Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Involves the transfer of electrons
      • Example: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

    Chemical Equations

    • A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas
    • Reactants: substances on the left side of the equation
    • Products: substances on the right side of the equation
    • Example: Ca + O2 → 2CaO

    Metals and Non-Metals

    Metals

    • Definition: A substance that is typically hard, shiny, and good conductor of electricity
    • Characteristics:
      • Good conductors of electricity
      • Malleable and ductile
      • Have a high density
      • React with acids to produce hydrogen gas
    • Examples: Na, Ca, Fe, Cu, Ag

    Non-Metals

    • Definition: A substance that is typically soft, dull, and poor conductor of electricity
    • Characteristics:
      • Poor conductors of electricity
      • Brittle and non-ductile
      • Have a low density
      • Do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
    • Examples: C, N, O, S, P

    Reactivity Series

    • A series of metals arranged in order of their reactivity
    • Most reactive: K, Na, Ca, Mg
    • Least reactive: Ag, Au, Pt

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of acids, bases, chemical reactions, metals, and non-metals. Learn about the characteristics, examples, and reactions of these key chemistry concepts.

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