Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of an acid that involves litmus paper?
What is the characteristic of an acid that involves litmus paper?
What is the pH range of a base?
What is the pH range of a base?
What type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons?
What type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons?
What is the formula for calculating pH?
What is the formula for calculating pH?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of a base?
What is the definition of a base?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of metals?
What is a characteristic of metals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a decomposition reaction?
What is an example of a decomposition reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a series of metals arranged in order of their reactivity?
What is the term for a series of metals arranged in order of their reactivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of an acid?
What is an example of an acid?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of non-metals?
What is a characteristic of non-metals?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Acids and Bases
Acids
- Definition: A substance that donates a proton (H+ ion)
- Characteristics:
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- Conduct electricity
- Have a pH less than 7
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Examples: HCl (hydrochloric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid)
Bases
- Definition: A substance that accepts a proton (H+ ion)
- Characteristics:
- Turn red litmus paper blue
- Conduct electricity
- Have a pH greater than 7
- React with oils to produce soap and water
- Examples: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide)
pH Scale
- pH = -log[H+]
- pH range: 0-14
- Acidic: pH < 7
- Neutral: pH = 7
- Basic: pH > 7
Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
-
Combination Reactions: Two or more substances combine to form a new substance
- Example: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
-
Decomposition Reactions: A single substance breaks down into two or more substances
- Example: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
-
Displacement Reactions: One element displaces another element from a compound
- Example: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
-
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Involves the transfer of electrons
- Example: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
Chemical Equations
- A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas
- Reactants: substances on the left side of the equation
- Products: substances on the right side of the equation
- Example: Ca + O2 → 2CaO
Metals and Non-Metals
Metals
- Definition: A substance that is typically hard, shiny, and good conductor of electricity
- Characteristics:
- Good conductors of electricity
- Malleable and ductile
- Have a high density
- React with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Examples: Na, Ca, Fe, Cu, Ag
Non-Metals
- Definition: A substance that is typically soft, dull, and poor conductor of electricity
- Characteristics:
- Poor conductors of electricity
- Brittle and non-ductile
- Have a low density
- Do not react with acids to produce hydrogen gas
- Examples: C, N, O, S, P
Reactivity Series
- A series of metals arranged in order of their reactivity
- Most reactive: K, Na, Ca, Mg
- Least reactive: Ag, Au, Pt
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of acids, bases, chemical reactions, metals, and non-metals. Learn about the characteristics, examples, and reactions of these key chemistry concepts.