Chemistry 10th CBSE: Chemical Reactions of Acids and Bases Quiz

Chemistry 10th CBSE: Chemical Reactions, Acids, and Bases

Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions are processes that involve the interaction of two or more chemical species, resulting in the formation of new substances. In this section, we will focus on the reactions of acids and bases.

Acids and Bases

Acids are chemical substances characterized by a sour taste in an aqueous medium and have the tendency to turn blue litmus red. They donate protons (H+ ions) when they react with other substances.

Bases are chemical substances characterized by a bitter taste and are slippery to touch. They have the tendency to turn red litmus blue. Bases accept protons (OH- ions) when they react with other substances.

Reactions of Acids and Bases

When acids and bases react together, they undergo a process called neutralization. The products of this reaction are salt and water. The general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction can be written as:

Base + Acid → Salt + Water

Some examples of neutralization reactions include:

1. Reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH): HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

2. Reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2): HCl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2H2O

3. Reaction of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH): H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Types of Reactions

There are several types of reactions involving acids and bases, including:

• Reaction of acids and bases with metals: In this case, acids and bases react with metals to form salts and water.

• Reaction of non-metal oxides with bases: Non-metal oxides react with bases to form salts and water.

• Reaction of acids and bases with each other: When an acid reacts with a base, it produces a salt and water.

Important Terms

• Neutralization reaction: The reaction between an acid and a base that results in the formation of salt and water.

• Acid-base reaction: A reaction in which an acid reacts with a base, resulting in the formation of a salt and water.

• Salt: A compound formed when an acid reacts with a base. Salts are composed of ions, such as sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-).

• Water: A substance that forms when an acid reacts with a base. Water is a polar molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

In conclusion, chemical reactions of acids and bases play a crucial role in various applications, such as cleaning, personal care, and chemical industries. Understanding these reactions and their mechanisms is essential for students in Grade 10 Chemistry (CBSE) to develop a strong foundation in acid-base chemistry.