Chemistry Basics in Spanish

Trihidróxido de hierro

CO2

Estibano

<p>Pentaóxido de difósforo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zn(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noble gases have a full outer shell of electrons, making them very stable and unreactive. This is because they already have a complete octet (8 electrons in their valence shell) and therefore do not need to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a non-metal. The metal loses electrons to form a positive ion (cation), while the non-metal gains electrons to form a negative ion (anion). The oppositely charged ions then attract each other, forming an ionic bond. An example is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) formed from the reaction between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). In contrast, covalent bonding occurs between two non-metals. They share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. An example is the water molecule (H2O) where two hydrogen atoms share electrons with an oxygen atom to achieve a stable, filled valence shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Octet Rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable configuration with eight electrons in their outermost shell (valence shell). This applies to most elements, driving their tendency to form chemical compounds to achieve this stable configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not all elements conform to the Octet Rule. Exceptions occur with elements like hydrogen, lithium, and beryllium. These elements have fewer valence electrons and achieve stability with less than eight electrons in their outermost shell. Hydrogen only needs two electrons to fill its outermost shell, while lithium and beryllium can form stable bonds with less than eight electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elements tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of noble gases. This tendency drives the formation of compounds. For example, in sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium loses one electron to become Na+, which has a stable electron configuration similar to neon. Chlorine gains an electron to become Cl-, achieving a stable configuration similar to Argon. The oppositely charged ions (Na+ and Cl-) are then attracted together, forming an ionic compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Na₂O₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dióxido de plomo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peróxido de sodio (Na₂O₂) or Peróxido de estroncio (SrO₂)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dióxido de magnesio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Li₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Francium, because it has the lowest ionization energy, making it more likely to lose electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CaF₂, as it can conduct electricity when melted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO₂, NH₃, SO₂.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ca, as it typically does not dissolve in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K₂O is brittle and not malleable, as it is an ionic compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lead dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>+1, +2, +3, +4, +5, -3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ácido clorhídrico</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PdH₄</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H₂S (Sulfuro de hidrógeno) and HBr (Bromuro de hidrógeno)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, while covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic bonding is characterized by a 'sea' of delocalized electrons that move freely around positively charged metal ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic compounds typically dissolve readily in water due to the strong interactions between water molecules and the ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic substances usually have high melting and boiling points, while covalent substances tend to have lower melting and boiling points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals are strong and malleable due to their metallic bonding, which allows layers of atoms to slide over each other without breaking bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers