Chemistry Chapter: Ionic and Covalent Bonding

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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal?

Ionic bond (correct)

Covalent bond

Polar bond

Hydrogen bond

What happens to metals in ionic bonding?

They share electrons with non-metals.

They gain electrons to become anions.

They remain neutral without charge.

They lose electrons to become cations. (correct)

Which of the following correctly describes the nature of ionic compounds?

They are typically gases at room temperature.

They consist entirely of non-metals.

They have low melting points.

They are electrically neutral formula units. (correct)

How are cations named in ionic compounds?

By using the same name as the metal. Signup and view all the answers

What charge does a Group 1 element typically acquire during ionic bonding?

+1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true for anions in ionic bonding?

Anions are formed by gaining electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical naming convention for monatomic anions?

They end with the suffix 'ide'. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes transition elements in ionic compounds compared to other metals?

They can have various charges needing Roman numerals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the ionic compound formed between magnesium and oxygen?

Magnesium oxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the formula for calcium nitride?

Ca3N2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge on a sulfate ion (SO4)?

-2 Signup and view all the answers

When writing the formula for beryllium chloride, how many chloride ions are needed?

2 Signup and view all the answers

In the Stock System, how is the charge of a transition metal indicated in a compound's name?

With a Roman numeral Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a polyatomic ion?

SO4^2- Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for ammonium phosphate?

NH4PO4 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrons in molecular compounds?

Electrons are shared between atoms Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly demonstrates finding the lowest ratio for lithium fluoride?

Li1 F1 → LiF Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ionic compounds is correctly paired with its name?

K3N - Potassium nitride Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonds form ionic compounds between a metal (M) and a non-metal (NM) through electron transfer.
Metals lose electrons to become positive cations, and non-metals gain electrons to become negative anions.
This electron transfer is based on the octet rule, striving to achieve a full valence shell.
Electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions creates the ionic bond.
Example: Sodium (Na) loses an electron, forming Na+, and Chlorine (Cl) gains an electron, forming Cl-. The attraction forms NaCl.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonds form covalent (molecular) compounds between two non-metals (NM-NM).
Non-metals share electrons to achieve a full valence, forming molecules.

Chemical Naming and Formulas

Most elements are found in compounds, not as pure substances, except for noble gases.
Compounds are either ionic or covalent (molecular).

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed from the attraction between metal cations and non-metal anions.
A formula unit is an electrically neutral unit.
Properties: Solids with high melting points.

Ionic Compound Naming

Cations (metal ions) use the same name as the metal.
Anions (nonmetal ions) change the ending of the non-metal to "-ide."
Examples:
- NaCl: Sodium chloride
- MgO: Magnesium oxide
- K3N: Potassium nitride
- Ca3P2: Calcium phosphide

Ionic Compound Formula Writing

Formula unit contains the cation and anion in the lowest whole number ratio to balance charge.
The charge of one ion becomes the subscript for the other.
Example: Lithium fluoride (LiF), Beryllium chloride (BeCl2), calcium nitride (Ca3N2)

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are groups of non-metals acting as a single charged unit.
Examples: Sulfate (SO42-), Hydroxide (OH-), Phosphate (PO43-).

Transition Metal Naming (Stock System)

Some transition metals have various charges (oxidation states).
Use Roman numerals to specify the charge of the transition metal ion after its name.
Examples:
- Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2)
- Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4)

Covalent Compounds (Molecular Compounds)

Covalent compounds (molecular compounds): Share electrons to achieve a full valence shell.
Properties: Low melting and boiling points, often liquids or gases at room temperature.
Naming conventions for these are not covered in this part.

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Description

Explore the concepts of ionic and covalent bonding in this quiz. Learn how ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals through electron transfer, as well as how non-metals share electrons to create covalent compounds. Test your knowledge on chemical naming and formulas as well.